Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most valuable natural systems because they support aquatic biodiversity while providing water, food, fisheries and livelihood opportunities. Fishes form an important component of freshwater communities and respond to changes in habitat structure, hydrology and water quality. Reservoir construction can substantially modify natural riverine conditions by changing water flow, sediment movement, habitat connectivity and physicochemical characteristics. These alterations may influence fish distribution, abundance, reproduction and community structure. The present review focuses on the ecological relationship between ichthyofaunal diversity and physicochemical characteristics of Kolhi Dam in Washim District, Maharashtra. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate are among the environmental variables that can influence the condition and distribution of freshwater fishes. Previous research has demonstrated that the effects of dams on fish communities are not uniform. While impoundments can fragment natural habitats and restrict movement, reservoirs may also provide suitable environments for several fish species. Available information suggests that site-specific ecological studies of smaller reservoirs such as Kolhi Dam are comparatively limited. A systematic investigation involving seasonal fish sampling, taxonomic identification, physicochemical analysis and biodiversity indices would therefore provide an important baseline for understanding the ecological status of the reservoir. Such information could assist in identifying environmental pressures, conserving native fish diversity and developing sustainable fisheries-management practices in Washim District and the wider Vidarbha region.

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 Keywords

Ichthyofauna, fish diversity, Kolhi Dam, reservoir ecology, physicochemical parameters, water quality, seasonal variation, Washim, Maharashtra.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Listening is a fundamental language skill that plays a vital role in students' learning and academic success. At the senior secondary level, effective listening is particularly important due to the increasing complexity of classroom instruction and academic content. The present study aims to examine the effect of a listening skill intervention programme on the listening skills and academic achievement of senior secondary students using a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design. The sample comprised senior secondary students who participated in a structured listening skill intervention programme. Data were collected before and after the intervention using a standardized listening skill test and an academic achievement test. The findings revealed a significant improvement in both the listening skills and academic achievement of the students following the intervention. The results indicate that systematic listening skill training enhances students' listening abilities and contributes positively to their academic achievement. The study highlights the importance of incorporating structured listening skill activities into classroom teaching to improve students' overall learning outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Listening Skills, Academic Achievement, Experimental group, Control group, Senior Secondary Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Distributed tracing, OpenTelemetry, microservices, monolithic architecture, trace sampling, instrumentation overhead, trace quality, telemetry volume, performance evaluation, observability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Video editing and restoration are challenging problems, where the content of a video is altered, or the quality of a distorted image is enhanced, while preserving the intended meaning, visual quality, and consistency between frames. But many of these methods rely on manually annotated masks for each frame to identify the region to be edited, process each frame separately, and lack an understanding of editing instructions expressed in natural language, which can lead to flickering, changes in object identity, erroneous object selection, and inconsistent results across frames. This paper presents a unified trainable framework for prompt-based temporally and semantically aware video restoration and editing. The proposed architecture integrates five specialized neural components: (1) an attribute-disentangled prompt parser grounded in CLIP vision-language embeddings; (2) an open-vocabulary object-grounding module based on Grounding DINO; (3) MobileSAM for precise target-mask generation; (4) a hybrid RAFT-XMem temporal propagation module with confidence-based re-grounding, which re-applies semantic grounding when propagation reliability decreases; and (5) a semantically conditioned inpainting module that combines ProPainter's sparse-transformer architecture with ControlNet-guided diffusion refinement. An additional contribution of TPSE (Temporal Prompt Semantic Editability), a composite metric for prompt-driven video editing that combines CLIP-based semantic alignment, background structural fidelity, and temporal warp error into a single interpretable score, is introduced. Experiments on the YouTube-VOS and DAVIS 2017 datasets show that the proposed framework achieves improved editing and temporal-consistency performance compared with the evaluated baselines, obtaining a PSNR of 33.71 dB and a temporal warp error of 0.017. Ablation studies further demonstrate the contribution of each component of the proposed framework.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Video Editing, Video Restoration, Prompt-Based Editing, Vision-Language models, CLIP, Grounding DINO, MobileSAM, RAFT, XMem, ControlNet, diffusion models, video inpainting, temporal consistency, semantic segmentation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aadhunik Shiksha Mein Bharatiya Manovigyan Ki Bhumika Aur Prabhav

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Aadhunik Shiksha Mein Bharatiya Manovigyan Ki Bhumika Aur Prabhav

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diatoms are unicellular siliceous algae that are widely distributed in aquatic environments and possess significant ecological as well as forensic importance. Owing to their species-specific distribution and resistance to decomposition, diatoms serve as valuable biological indicators for environmental assessment and play an important role in drowning investigations. The present study was undertaken to develop a preliminary diatomological map of selected freshwater bodies in the Gevra region of Korba district, Chhattisgarh, and to evaluate its forensic significance by documenting the diversity and distribution of diatom assemblages. Water samples were collected during the summer season (June) from five freshwater bodies located at Gevra (Shiv Mandir Pond), Beltikri (Basawat Pond), Gandhinagar, Azad Chowk, and Sirki Khurd (Sarwari Pond). Samples were processed using standard acid-digestion extraction techniques, and permanent slides were prepared and examined under light microscopy. Ten freshwater diatom genera were identified -- Navicula, Fragilaria, Cymbella, Encyonema, Amphipleura, Microfissurata, Brebissonia, Neidiopsis, Cyclotella and Aulacoseira. The assemblage was dominated by pennate forms, with Aulacoseira as the only centric genus recorded. Navicula was the most abundant and widely distributed genus, while Fragilaria and Aulacoseira were moderately abundant; the remaining genera showed restricted, site-specific distributions reflecting differences in habitat and environmental conditions among the sampled water bodies. The coexistence of benthic and planktonic diatoms indicated considerable ecological heterogeneity within the study area despite the influence of coal-mining activity. These findings support the concept of diatomological mapping, whereby individual water bodies can be differentiated on the basis of their characteristic diatom profile, and establish baseline data toward a regional diatom database for Chhattisgarh that can assist in comparing diatoms recovered from victim tissues with those of candidate drowning sites in medico-legal casework.

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 Keywords

Diatomological mapping, forensic diatomology, freshwater diatoms, drowning investigation, Navicula, Gevra, Korba, Chhattisgarh, environmental monitoring, forensic science.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Women's involvement in the Bodoland autonomy movement, part of the larger demand for an autonomous region within Assam, highlights significant challenges, achievements, and the resilience of women activists who contributed immensely to the cause. Viewed through a political lens, their journey reflects both systemic struggles and moments of empowerment as they sought to bring greater representation to marginalized communities in the Bodoland region. The resilience of women activists in the Bodoland autonomy movement stands as a powerful testament to their determination and adaptability amidst difficult socio-political challenges. Women in Bodoland have long played crucial roles in grassroots activism, contributing to the movement for regional autonomy while facing a spectrum of challenges, from societal expectations and restrictions to direct threats to their safety. Many women activists in the Bodoland autonomy movement have been instrumental in organizing, mobilizing, and participating in protests, negotiations, and dialogues. Their involvement is not limited to support roles; they actively shape agendas, engage in political discourse, and lead organizations that represent Bodoland's quest for autonomy. Often, they bring a unique perspective to the struggle, advocating for peace, community welfare, and justice. This inclusive approach adds a significant social dimension to the political aims of the movement. Despite facing potential backlash and sometimes severe consequences, women activists have shown remarkable resilience. They navigate their activism alongside cultural expectations of gender roles, balancing family responsibilities with their dedication to the autonomy cause. For instance, the resilience demonstrated by these women activists often includes organizing clandestine meetings, enduring hardship during long protests, and, in some cases, overcoming physical and psychological intimidation. Their capacity to adapt and remain committed to their cause even when met with violence or oppression exemplifies a profound resilience that has helped sustain the Bodoland movement. Furthermore, the resilience of women activists has extended beyond political gains to achieving broader social objectives. They have advocated for gender equality, education, and the protection of cultural heritage, highlighting the interconnectedness of these issues with the autonomy struggle. Their activism challenges and redefines traditional roles for women, creating space for future generations of women to engage more fully in public and political life. In this way, the resilience of women in the Bodoland autonomy movement continues to contribute not only to the pursuit of regional autonomy but also to broader social transformation within Bodoland society.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: AUTONOMY, MOVEMENT, WOMEN, POLITICS, CHALLENGES

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social interaction and communication are critical aspects of animal behaviour especially among small mammals that live in open and dynamic environments. The given work is aimed at investigating the social interaction and communication behaviour of Funambulus pennantii in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary. Direct observational methods which included focal animal sampling, scan sampling and ad libitum recording were applied in systematic field observation at various times of the day. The categories of the observed behaviours were broken down into the social interaction behaviours and communication behaviours and the frequency of these behaviours were analysed through the descriptive statistical tools. The findings showed that the most frequent modes of social interaction were approach, chasing, and avoidance, which showed spatial regulation mechanism and social organization mechanism. Communication behaviour was mainly controlled by visual cues like tail flicking and displays of body positioning whereas the vocalizations were less common. There were greater behavioural activities in the morning and evening hours than in the midday hours as observed by temporal analysis. These results emphasize the behavioural flexibility of Funambulus pennantii to semi-arid grassland habitats as well as give baseline data on its social and communicative mechanisms. The research will add to the knowledge of the behavioural ecology of the small mammals and provide a basis to the future research and conservation management in the grassland habitats

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Funambulus pennantii; social interaction; communication behaviour; behavioural ecology; grassland ecosystem

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mental health is an important part of overall growth and well-being of school students. Recent times have witnessed the emergence of many psychological problems like stress, anxiety, depression etc., which are primarily because of growing academic pressures, changes in lifestyle, social demands and technological influence on children and adolescents. These issues have led to the realization of importance of implementing effective and convenient ways of dealing with these problems to enhance the mental well-being of school students. Pranayama, an important aspect of yoga that involves conscious control of breathing, has been proved to be an effective practice in promoting physical and psychological well-being. Ancient principles of yogic philosophy and modern science researches have supported the positive effects of pranayama on emotional regulation, reduction of psychological distress, improvement of concentration abilities and enhancement of mental well-being. The results of the current research showed that practicing pranayama leads to reduction in levels of stress, anxiety and depression while enhancing the well-being of emotions, concentration, academic success, quality of sleep and psychosocial well-being of school students. Practicing pranayama has proved to be an easy, safe, affordable and non-medicinal way that can be included in school health programs. Therefore, it can be concluded that practicing pranayama on regular basis will greatly help in the holistic development and mental well-being of school students.

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 Keywords

Pranayama, Mental Health, School Students, Yoga, Stress, Anxiety, Emotional Well-being, Academic Performance, Sleep Quality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Many people have research about splitting a monolithic application into microservices and its effect on performance, however little solid evidence exists. In this review article, we have reviewed research articles spanning a period between 2015-2025 that compare monolithic and microservice architectures and also on designing of microservices. This article describes how the experimental setups used (topology, resource allocation, workload design) led to conflicting results and renders the analyzed studies in relation to three methodological criteria that were found in recent literature namely: (I)resource parity, (II)saturation characterisation, and (III)cross-stack replication.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

microservices, monolithic architecture, performance evaluation, load testing, resource parity, systematic literature review.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition