Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Inadequacies in access to formal finance has led to the growth of microfinance in India. In India microfinance operates through two main channels viz. a) banking system through the SHGs under SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) and JLG bank lending programme and b) through Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) lending through individual and group approach. SHG Bank linkage programme through microfinance in India is the world's largest microfinance programme in terms of its reach and scale of finance. Started as a pilot project in the year 1992 with the initiation of NABARD, now it has spread all over India covering 31 states and union territories and 641 districts by 31st March 2023. The objective of the research paper is to examine the progress of SHGBLP in terms of number of SHGs with savings and amount of savings, no. of SHGs availed loans (credit linked) and amount of loan disbursed and no. of SHGs with loan outstanding and amount of loan during 2013-14 to 2022-23. It also aims to explore the region wise progress of SHGBLP in terms of the amount of loan disbursed to SHG during the past ten years. It is found that SBLP has witnessed a significant progress during this time and brought considerable changes in the socio economic conditions of SHG members. It also found that the progress of SHG bank linkage programme is uneven across the regions in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microfinance, SHGBLP, NABARD, Bank Linkage, India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In India, where even through nearly 68.84 per cent of population residing at rural areas. According to 2011 census agriculture is main occupation for largest livelihoods in India 70 per cent of its rural households still depend upon it for their livelihood, with 82 per cent of farmers being small and marginal. The world bank using the $2.15(2023) per day bench mark(PPP) estimates an 11.9 per cent poverty rate for India. In this regard micro finance plays vital role to providing financial assistance to the poor and low level income households in India in addition that fulfillment of government target financial inclusive growth strategy and sustainable development of the people. Such as banking, Insurance , other financial services etc.,The significant role has played by microfinance in the developing countries like India cannot wear away, where largest size of population is living under low literacy and poverty. They don't have any access to formal banking facilities. Where micro finance plays a key role to improving living conditions of the households in india.(Sen2018)Micro finance is regarded as a useful tool for socio-economic upliftment in a developing country like India. In india micro finance is dominant by self Help Groups (SHG) bank linkage programme aimed at providing a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the rural households away from inclusive. The present paper aims at identifying present working status of micro finance in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Micro-Finance, SHGs, MFIs, Status of development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The history of mutual funds in Indian began in 1963 when the Government of India launched Unit Trust of India. Since then the mutual fund industry has had an inevitable journey and thousands of investors today invest in mutual fund schemes, making it a terrible investment segment. Mutual fund industry has experienced a radical expansion within the past two decades. The performance analysis of mutual funds is commonly used topic in the various investment areas among different countries. This happens due to accessibility of information. They provide various profits to the investors. Mutual fund provides various updates of the market and they also provide various suggestions to the investors about making investment in the different schemes. The mutual fund industry, Assets under Management doubled in the past five years as it grew from Rs.22.26 lakh crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 54.1 lakh crore in 2023-24. Therefore, in recent years, the mutual fund industry has diversified its product offerings to cater to a wide range of investor preferences, including equity funds, debt funds, hybrid funds, and thematic funds. As the growth of mutual funds in India continues, the mutual fund industry is expected to play a vital role in channeling savings into productive investments, contributing to the overall expansion of the financial markets.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mutual Funds, Investment, Industry, UTI, Assets, hybrid funds and debt funds

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The discovery of the Maski Minor Rock Edict in 1915 by C. Beadon marked a paradigm shift in Indian historiography. Located in the Raichur district of Karnataka, India, this ancient inscription provided the missing link connecting the regal epithet Devanampriya ("Beloved of the Gods") directly to Emperor Ashoka. Prior to this discovery, epigraphists and colonial historians relied on Sri Lankan chronicles such as the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa to infer Ashoka's identity, a link that lacked direct epigraphic confirmation within the subcontinent.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

THE EPIGRAPHIC ANCHOR OF MAURYAN HISTORY: A CULTURAL HERITAGE ANALYSIS OF THE MASKI MINOR ROCK EDICT

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As security challenges in public and private environments accelerate, the demand for intelligent, mobile, and cost-effective surveillance solutions is growing rapidly. This paper presents a Smart Drone Surveillance System which is based on the ESP32-CAM module to carry out real-time aerial surveillance using wireless video streaming. The proposed system combines the quadcopter platform with an ESP32-CAM, a flight controller, brushless DC motors and Wi-Fi communication for capturing and transmitting live video to a web-based or smartphone interface. Unlike the traditional fixed CCTV systems, the drone-based approach offers dynamic coverage, eliminates blind spots of surveillance, and enables monitoring of inaccessible or dangerous locations with minimum infrastructure requirements. The system allows remote operation of drones, real-time image acquisition, surveillance video recording and live aerial observation in applications such as campus security, crowd monitoring, border surveillance, disaster assessment and women's safety. The light weight and portable design makes it easy to deploy and cheap to implement. The experimental evaluation shows stable wireless communication, reliable live video transmission, and effective aerial surveillance performance under various operational conditions. The proposed system offers enhanced situational awareness, better response times to security incidents and provides an affordable alternative to traditional surveillance systems. Moreover, the modular design allows for the integration of artificial intelligence techniques, autonomous navigation, object detection, and cloud-based data storage in the future, thereby improving the accuracy of surveillance and operational efficiency..

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

As security challenges in public and private environments accelerate, the demand for intelligent, mobile, and cost-effective surveillance solutions is growing rapidly.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper focuses on the issues of ecofeminism and various kinds of suppression in the fiction The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai. The novel can be read through the prism of ecofeminism, a movement that relates the exploitation of the nature with oppression of women in patriarchal and colonial societies. The novel follows an ecological approach for the discussion of intricate ecological environment shown in Kalimpong and illustrates that the process of environmental degradation is equivalent to the marginalization and silencing of women and the subaltern community. The cultural shock, emotional stifling, and male violence which women characters like Nimi and Sai have to endure, are the same types of domination which exploit land and natural resources. The paper discusses the effect of colonial modernity, patriarchal rule, and political instability on relationships between people and their surroundings. Desai questions the interrelation of colonialism, patriarchy and globalization through the theme of loss, displacement and inherited trauma. According to the study, The Inheritance of Loss is a piece of ecofeminist theory that defines loss as a transgenerational and collective state and holds that social, gendered, and ecological suppressions cannot be distinguished.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ecofeminism, Ecological Degradation, Gendered Oppression, Patriarchal Suppression, Nature and Women.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the financial performance of the Indian banking sector, with a specific focus on a comparative study between public and private sector banks. Using a mix of key financial ratios, including Return on Assets (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA), the study evaluates the profitability, asset quality, and solvency of select banks over a five-year period (e.g., 2021-2025). The findings indicate that while private sector banks have consistently outperformed public sector banks in terms of profitability and asset quality, public sector banks maintain their dominance in terms of market size and total deposits. The study concludes that ongoing digital transformation and stricter regulatory measures have significantly improved the overall financial health of the sector, but challenges persist, particularly in managing asset quality and operational efficiency.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Return on Assets (ROA), Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), public sector banks, asset quality, private sector banks, policymakers, investors, and regulators.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aviation is a word which includes many activities primarily operation of aircrafts whether domestic or international focusing air travel. The author states that the word 'aviation' for the research purposes of this paper, is purely focused on civil aviation but not the military or State-run aircrafts . Aviation has become a significant catalyst for international trade, employment, study, business, academic pursuits, and many more generating a USD 53.6 billion contribution to India's economy, underpinning 7.7 million jobs with 1.5% GDP, in the country. Hence, travel accounted for 6.5% in the nation's GDP and 8.9% of total employment in 2023 and now ranks as the third largest air transport market in the world carrying 174 million passengers (approx.). Even though there is economic growth due to the development of aviation sector in India, still it lacks a forum for speedy dispute disposal system. As the disputes arise out of airport infrastructure, land acquisition, concession agreements, tariffs, environment, charges, construction, airline passenger, regulatory compliance, jurisdictional overlaps, airports and airlines relating to slot allocation etc. competition, workforce, international agreements, bankruptcy and insolvency etc., and as these disputes involve technicality and technology, it is pertinent to note that the forums in India are not able to cater speedy remedy for the aggrieved. Hence, this research paper focuses the significance of aviation sector; classification of aviation disputes; dispute settlement methods in other countries, and the present position of resolving aviation disputes in India by suggesting a "Techno-Legal Aviation Tribunal" at State/Regional level and National level for a speedy relief instead going to the courts. The author also suggests that DGCA should be an independent body in regulating the aviation sector in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

TECHNO-LEGAL AVIATION TRIBUNALS IN INDIA: NEED OF THE HOUR

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the effects of a four-week integrated program combining yogic practices and Sujok therapy on the holistic development of school students aged 14-17 years. A total of 50 medically fit participants were selected through random sampling and were equally assigned to an experimental group, which received the intervention, and a control group, which did not. The intervention's impact was assessed across three domains: physical fitness, mental ability, and academic performance. Data were collected using standardized tools and analyzed using a paired t-test. The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in all three domains among the experimental group compared to the control group, thereby supporting the alternative hypothesis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Yoga, Sujok, Physical Fitness, Mental Ability, Academic Performance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. popularly known as Yarsagumba among Nepali communities, is a parasitic fungus of remarkable medicinal and economic value. This review highlights its phytochemical profile and ethnobotanical relevance within the Himalayan belt. The fungus contains key bioactive compounds such as cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharides, and sterols, which are responsible for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects--including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Traditionally, C. sinensis has been used in regions like Darjeeling, Sikkim, Nepal, and surrounding Himalayan areas to treat respiratory ailments, physical weakness, and as a natural aphrodisiac. Beyond its medicinal use, it significantly contributes to the livelihoods of high-altitude Nepali communities, serving as a vital source of income. Nevertheless, issues like overharvesting and ecological stress threaten its long-term availability. This review emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that combines traditional knowledge with modern scientific research to promote the sustainable use of C. sinensis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cordyceps sinensis, Ethnobotanical relevance, Phytochemical profile, Medicinal and economic value, Sustainable use

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition