Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This essay examines the visual culture of Tripura through the historical relationship between the royal court, the Rajmala, Santiniketan, and modern Indian art. It traces the development of Tripura's artistic practice from its long history of royal patronage to the emergence of new visual practices during the colonial and post-colonial periods. The essay focuses particularly on Ramendranath Chakravorty, whose education at Kala Bhavana and association with Nandalal Bose shaped his artistic practice. His engagement with graphic art, Neo Indian aesthetics, and different artistic techniques created a distinctive visual language. The study gives special attention to his eight Rajmala tempera panels, which transform historical and legendary narratives of the Manikya dynasty into visual form. These paintings bring together literary history, royal patronage, local landscape, cultural memory, and modern Indian artistic ideas. The essay also considers the influence of Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengal School, and Santiniketan on the changing artistic consciousness of Tripura. It argues that Ramendranath's Rajmala paintings represent an important transition from court-centred artistic practice to a broader modern visual culture. His work demonstrates how regional traditions could be reinterpreted through modern artistic language without losing their connection to local history and cultural identity. The study therefore positions Ramendranath Chakravorty and his Rajmala paintings within the wider history of modern Indian art and the visual culture of Northeast India.

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 Keywords

Rajmala, Tripura Royal Court, Visual Culture, Bengal School.

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Abstract: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), also known as Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), is a powerful spectroscopic technique for detecting and characterizing species containing unpaired electrons. Unlike many conventional analytical techniques, EPR can provide direct information about free radicals, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, transition-metal ions, and other paramagnetic centers. These species are closely associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, tissue hypoxia, drug toxicity, and radiation injury. The application of EPR in medical science has expanded from basic free-radical chemistry to tissue oximetry, cancer research, drug development, structural biology, pharmaceutical analysis, radiation biodosimetry, and experimental clinical diagnosis. EPR oximetry is particularly important because it can provide repeated measurements of tissue oxygen concentration and has potential applications in tumor characterization, wound healing, diabetic complications, and peripheral vascular disease. EPR spectroscopy can also investigate the mechanisms of drugs and antioxidants by directly monitoring radical formation and disappearance. Furthermore, EPR imaging and spin-labeling techniques provide information about molecular structure, membrane dynamics, protein conformational changes, and drug-delivery systems. This paper reviews the major medical applications of EPR and discusses its advantages, limitations, emerging technologies, and future clinical potential. Recent advances in miniaturized spectrometers, pulsed EPR, high-sensitivity resonators, and EPR imaging are expected to improve the accessibility and biomedical utility of the technique. Overall, EPR represents an important bridge between physical science and medicine, particularly for studying biological processes that involve paramagnetic species.

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Keywords: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, EPR, ESR, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, cancer, tissue oxygenation, EPR oximetry, drug delivery, medical diagnosis, radiation biodosimetry.

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Abstract Adversity Quotient refers to the ability of an individual to effectively manage challenges, overcome difficulties and cope with adverse circumstances. It plays a significant role in exploring resilience, academic persistence and psychological adjustment of students. Undergraduate students frequently face various academic, social and personal problems that require effective adjustment and perseverance. Therefore, examining their adversity quotient is highly important for understanding their capacity to cope with difficult situations. The study aims to assess the level of adversity quotient among undergraduate students of Nalbari College and to examine whether significant differences exist between male and female students as well as between students from Arts and Science streams. The study adopts a descriptive approach,with primary data collected from 100 undergraduate students of Nalbari College using an Adversity Quotient tool adapted on the basis of Paul G. Stoltz's theoretical framework. Findings reveal varying levels of adversity quotient among students and emphasize the need for institutional support, resilience-building programs, and targeted interventions to strengthen their ability to face academic and life challenges with courage and determination.

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Keywords: Adversity Quotient, Undergraduate Students

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Sustainability has increasingly become a strategic priority for firms seeking to create long-term value while addressing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) challenges. This study provides a descriptive assessment of sustainability-driven business transformation in Indian firms, with particular emphasis on ESG practices and innovation. The study examines the extent to which Indian firms are integrating sustainability considerations into their business strategies, operational practices, governance mechanisms, and innovation activities. Using secondary data and descriptive analytical techniques, the study evaluates key dimensions of ESG performance and innovation across selected Indian firms. The analysis highlights emerging patterns in environmental responsibility, social engagement, corporate governance, and sustainability-oriented innovation. The findings indicate that Indian firms are progressively embedding sustainability into their strategic and operational decision-making, although the extent and consistency of adoption vary across firms and ESG dimensions. The study further suggests that innovation plays an important role in supporting sustainability-driven transformation by enabling firms to develop more resource-efficient processes, products, and business models. The study contributes to the growing literature on corporate sustainability in emerging economies by providing an India-specific perspective on the evolving relationship between ESG practices, innovation, and business transformation. The findings offer useful implications for corporate managers, investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders seeking to strengthen sustainable and responsible business practices in India.

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Sustainability, ESG Practices, Business Transformation, Innovation ,Corporate Sustainability, Sustainable Business Practices.

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Population plays a pivotal role in the economic development of any nation, but it must be optimum to sustain the economic stability and continuous growth rate of an economy. It is the base for all types of production activity, marketing, exchange, and consumption to determine demand and supply for goods and services. Low population and excessive population are two extreme conditions reasoning in different types of problems. The optimum population in an economy resolves all these issues and assists in inclusive and sustainable development of an economy. In the Karnataka state context, population growth rate and migration from last decade have created multifaceted problems in Karnataka and even in Bangalore Urban District. This research paper analyzes the trend in population growth rate in Bangalore Urban District and problems faced in the current scenario.

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Population growth, impacts, sustainability

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This study focuses on the utilization of a novel waste-derived material for biochar synthesis. Dried flax plant waste was used as the precursor to produce biochar, named as FPBC. The synthesized biochar was subsequently modified using FeCl?, resulting in an iron-enhanced biochar referred to as FeFPBC. The prepared material was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Arsenic (As(V)) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized biochar was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and pHZPC. The removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions carried out with FeFPBC by batch study. The regeneration experiments data revealed that synthesized biochar can be regenerated and reused four times with efficient removal percent of As(V). Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were analyzed for As(V) uptake on the surface of prepared biochar (FeFPBC). As(V) adsorption on the biochar accepted Freundlich-model (R2 = 0.9921) and Pseudo-second-order kinetics-model (R2 = 0.9934). In the thermodynamics study it was found that the adsorption process was exothermic in nature. The FeFPBC was obtained effective adsorbent. The maximal As(V) uptake removal was achieved 78.87 % at neutral pH and ambient temperature.

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Biochar; Adsorption; Arsenate ion; Flax Plant; Batch study

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 Abstract

Bharat ki Samudri Suraksha: Chunootiyan, Rannitik Awasyaktayen avam Nitigat vikalp

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Bharat ki Samudri Suraksha: Chunootiyan, Rannitik Awasyaktayen avam Nitigat vikalp

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Financial inclusion has expanded rapidly in India, but a formal account or an approved loan does not automatically ensure that a micro enterprise can use finance effectively. This paper examines the constraints that continue to shape effective financial inclusion among micro and small enterprises in Uttar Pradesh under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY). Evidence comes from a field survey of 400 MSME entrepreneurs in selected districts of the state using a structured questionnaire supported by interviews and field observation. The sample was predominantly rural and semi-urban, and 91.5% of surveyed units were micro enterprises. PMMY penetration was substantial, with 70.5% of respondents reporting beneficiary status, although 43.3% of the full sample remained concentrated in the Shishu category. Digital participation was uneven: 39.3% used digital payments regularly, 16.0% reported high use, and 67.5% had adopted UPI/QR payments. Lack of finance was the most frequently reported business challenge (26.3%), followed by market competition, raw-material costs, delayed payments, infrastructure problems, digital-literacy gaps, marketing/branding difficulties and skilled-labour shortages. The findings show that effective inclusion is constrained by a combination of credit, capability and market-side barriers. A credit-plus model that combines timely finance with digital capability, business counselling, market linkage and post-loan support is therefore required to convert formal access into durable enterprise participation

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Financial Inclusion, MSMEs, PMMY, Mudra Loans, Digital Payments, Financing Constraints, Uttar Pradesh

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This study examines the behaviour of investors towards the capital market with special reference to Mangalore City. The research focuses on understanding how psychological factors, financial literacy, and external influences affect investment decisions of individual investors. Recent studies indicate that investor behaviour is often influenced by biases such as overconfidence, herding, and loss aversion, leading to deviations from rational decision-making. The study adopts a descriptive research design using primary data collected through structured questionnaires from investors in Mangalore. The findings are expected to provide insights into local investment patterns and contribute to better policy formulation and investor awareness in the region.

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Behavioural Biases, Representativeness, Familiarity bias, anchoring bias, Regret aversion, Gamblers fallacy & Overconfidence

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Ambaran, kanishka, Buddhism

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