Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Material objects are an important part of folktales because they reflect everyday practices, social relations, and cultural values. This paper examines how such objects acquire meanings beyond their practical functions and contribute to the representation of cultural identity in Manipuri folktales. The study uses Semiotics as its sole theoretical framework and adopts a qualitative textual approach based on close reading and interpretation. The analysis focuses on three folktales, Keibu Keioiba, The Mystic Cat and Pebet, and The Carpenter and Chaoren, which present a range of material objects, clothing, domestic spaces, tools, food, and other cultural elements. Particular attention is given to how these objects function as signs within their narrative and cultural contexts. The Utong in Keibu Keioiba signifies practical knowledge and agency, while the nest and banana leaf in The Mystic Cat and Pebet signify protection, care, and survival. In The Carpenter and Chaoren, furniture, craft objects, clothing, food grain, and the wooden sculpture signify occupation, gender, livelihood, domesticity, and social identity. The study argues that material culture in Manipuri folktales functions as a system of cultural signs through which everyday life, social practices, and cultural values are represented and transmitted. A semiotic reading thus reveals how ordinary objects participate in the construction and preservation of cultural identity.

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 Keywords

Semiotics, material culture, cultural identity, folktales, material objects

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????, ????????????, ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???-????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????, ???-??????, ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????, ??????, ??????????, ??????? ?????????, ??????, ?????-?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ???-??? ?? ?????, ???-??? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????, ?????, ????? ???? ????, ??????-?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????????-???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????

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Bauddhik Divyangta, Swatantra Adhigam, Takneek, Sahayak Takneek, Digital Adhigam, Atmanirbharta aadi.

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Data integrity is a key part of making sure medicines are safe and work as they should. Important decisions about what a medicine is, how strong it is, how clean it is, how good it is, how safe it is, and how well it works all rely on the data collected during the whole life of the product. The more pharmaceutical companies use digital tools in development, production, quality checks, and supply chain management, the more they can track processes and control them better. However, this also brings new dangers like problems with computer systems, electronic records, data metadata, audit trails, data sharing, cybersecurity threats, the use of artificial intelligence, and reliance on outside service providers. The ALCOA+ framework--Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, Accurate, Complete, Consistent, Enduring, and Available--offers a helpful way to make sure that important data used in regulated areas stay reliable from the time they are created until they are no longer needed.

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Data integrity; ALCOA+; pharmaceutical quality assurance; data governance; GMP; computerized systems; audit trail; quality risk management; electronic records; regulatory compliance; artificial intelligence.

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The increasing electrical demand of industrial facilities and the need to reduce dependence on conventional electricity sources have created interest in renewable-based hybrid energy systems. This paper presents a techno-economic evaluation of a Hydro-PV hybrid energy system designed for a Paper Mill Feeder using HOMER Pro. The study considers an annual electrical demand of 800,000 kWh/year, an average daily demand of 2,191.78 kWh/day, an average electrical demand of 91.32 kW, and a peak demand of 150 kW. Four configurations are evaluated: grid-only, hydro-only, Hydro-PV-Converter, and Hydro-PV-Battery-Converter systems. The hydroelectric unit has a rated capacity of 49 kW and produces approximately 383,463 kWh/year, corresponding to 47.93% of the annual feeder demand. The comparative analysis demonstrates that integrating photovoltaic generation substantially increases renewable electricity production, while battery storage improves the ability of the system to utilize surplus renewable energy. The Hydro-PV-Converter configuration achieves an annual production of 836,404 kWh, with an NPC of INR18.53 million and an LCOE of INR1.81/kWh. The Hydro-PV-Battery-Converter configuration produces 1,017,581 kWh/year and is identified as the best overall hybrid configuration, although its NPC and LCOE are higher at INR37.03 million and INR3.62/kWh, respectively. The results demonstrate the importance of coordinated generation and storage sizing for industrial renewable-energy applications.

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Hydro-PV Hybrid System, HOMER Pro, Paper Mill Feeder, Techno-Economic Analysis, Battery Storage

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Fluid dynamics is an important branch of applied mathematics and physics concerned with the motion, behaviour, and interaction of fluids such as water and air. Its principles have wide applications in environmental studies, hydrology, agriculture, engineering, atmospheric science, and groundwater management. Alwar District in Rajasthan provides a suitable regional setting for studying fluid-dynamic processes because of its varied topography, seasonal rainfall, surface-water systems, groundwater resources, agricultural activities, and changing land-use patterns. The present research focuses on the application of fluid-dynamic concepts to understand the movement and distribution of water and other fluid systems within the Alwar District. The study aims to examine the major factors controlling fluid movement, including hydraulic gradient, pressure, velocity, viscosity, permeability, infiltration, runoff, and surface characteristics. Special attention is given to the movement of surface water during monsoon rainfall and the interaction between surface water and groundwater. The district experiences considerable seasonal variation in precipitation, resulting in fluctuations in runoff, stream discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater recharge. These processes can be investigated through fundamental fluid-dynamic equations and hydrological models to understand spatial and temporal variations in water movement. The research also considers the influence of human activities on fluid-flow processes. Agricultural expansion, groundwater extraction, urban development, construction, changes in drainage networks, and modifications of natural water bodies can significantly alter the direction, velocity, and quantity of water movement. Increased impervious surfaces may enhance surface runoff, while excessive groundwater withdrawal can modify hydraulic gradients and groundwater-flow patterns. Therefore, an integrated approach combining fluid dynamics, hydrology, geography, and spatial analysis is useful for understanding these changes. Modern techniques such as Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), field observations, rainfall analysis, groundwater-level measurements, and numerical modelling can be incorporated into the study. These techniques facilitate the preparation of drainage, slope, land-use, groundwater, and runoff maps and help identify areas vulnerable to waterlogging, erosion, groundwater depletion, and inadequate recharge. Mathematical and statistical methods can further be employed to establish relationships between rainfall, runoff, groundwater levels, and other environmental variables. The study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of fluid-flow behaviour in the physical environment of Alwar District. The findings may support sustainable water-resource management, groundwater-recharge planning, watershed development, agricultural water management, and environmental conservation. The research also demonstrates the significance of fluid dynamics as an interdisciplinary approach for analysing regional water systems. By integrating theoretical principles with field-based and spatial data, the study can provide a scientific framework for assessing water movement and developing sustainable strategies for the effective management of Alwar District's water resources.

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Fluid Dynamics, Alwar District, Rajasthan, Hydrodynamics, Fluid Flow, Surface Water, Groundwater Flow, Hydrology, Hydraulic Gradient, Infiltration, Runoff, Groundwater Recharge, Watershed Management, Irrigation, Rainfall-Runoff, Hydraulic Conductivity, GIS, Remote Sensing, Numerical Modelling, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Water Resources, Drainage, Environmental Sustainability, Hydrological Modelling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biosensors are advanced analytical devices that integrate a biological recognition element with a physicochemical transducer to detect and measure specific analytes with high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. They have gained significant attention in recent years due to their wide ranging applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food quality assessment, agriculture, and pharmaceutical research. The development of biosensor technology has been accelerated by advancements in nanotechnology, microfluidics, wearable electronics, and artificial intelligence, resulting in improved performance, portability, and real-time analysis. Different types of biosensors, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal, and nanobiosensors, are designed to meet diverse analytical requirements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, components, classification, fabrication techniques, and applications of biosensors. It also discusses recent innovations, current challenges, and future perspectives, emphasizing the potential of biosensors to transform disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, and point-of-care testing while improving analytical efficiency and healthcare outcomes.

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Biosensors, Bioreceptors, Transducers, Electrochemical Biosensors, Optical Biosensors, Nanobiosensors, Point-of-Care Testing (POCT), Medical Diagnostics, Nanotechnology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Environmental Monitoring, Food Safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kanger Valley National Park (KVNP), Chhattisgarh, is a vital biodiversity hotspot harboring pharmaceutically significant medicinal flora threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This study systematically assessed the conservation status, ethnomedicinal relevance, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological mechanisms of threatened medicinal plant species in KVNP. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, scientific literature published between January 2010 and March 2026 was retrieved from electronic databases and authenticated botanical repositories. From an initial pool of 82 recorded medicinal species, a rigorous multi-tiered filtering process yielded 30 priority taxa after systematically excluding 45 non-threatened (LC/NE) species, 4 unverified KVNP records, and 3 species with insufficient documentation. The documented species span 24 botanical families, predominantly represented by herbs and climbers (30.0% each). Under regional conservation frameworks, species are categorized as Critically Endangered (3.3%), Endangered (6.7%), Vulnerable (63.3%), and Near Threatened (26.7%). These taxa produce diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins, that target crucial molecular pathways such as NF-?B, 5-LOX, VMAT2, SGLT1/GLUT2, and tubulin heterodimers to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. Major survival drivers include commercial overharvesting, habitat degradation, forest fires, and grazing. These findings highlight KVNP as a priority conservation landscape requiring integrated in situ protection, sustainable harvesting, and community-led monitoring.

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Bastar Plateau; Ethnobotany; Non-timber forest products; Phytochemistry; Sustainable harvesting; Traditional ecological knowledge

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This study assesses the impact of Video-Assisted Teaching (VAT) on the knowledge and practices related to medication safety protocols among nursing officers at a Bhopal hospital. Medication safety is crucial for patient safety, and nursing officers play a vital role in administration and monitoring. A pre-experimental design involving 60 nursing officers was implemented, utilizing structured questionnaires and observation checklists before and after VAT. Results showed a significant increase in mean knowledge (from 12.35 to 21.75) and practice scores (from 7.85 to 13.42), with strong correlation (r = 0.815) between post-test knowledge and practice. The study concludes VAT effectively enhances nursing education on medication safety, suggesting its integration into training programs to bolster patient safety.

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Video-Assisted Teaching, Medication Safety Protocols, Knowledge, Practice, Nursing Officers, Patient Safety, Medication Error.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Palaeolithic period in Kashmir provides significant evidence for understanding the interaction between early human communities and their natural surroundings. The location of prehistoric settlements was closely associated with elevation, slope, drainage and the availability of resources within the surrounding landscape. During the period when the Kashmir basin remained occupied by a lake, human occupation was largely concentrated in the uplands, especially in gently sloping hilly areas. The subsequent northward tilting of the lake around 200,000 years ago resulted in the exposure of the wuders, locally known as Karewas, particularly in southern and south-western Kashmir, thereby creating new areas for habitation. Caves and rock shelters also served as places of refuge and dwelling. The subsistence economy was primarily based on hunting, scavenging and gathering, while the surrounding forests, grasslands, lakes, rivers and streams provided diverse resources. The changing nature of stone tools, raw materials and manufacturing techniques further demonstrates technological adaptation. The present study examines the relationship between environmental conditions, settlement choices and subsistence practices of Palaeolithic communities in Kashmir.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Palaeolithic Kashmir, Human Adaptation, Environment, Karewas, Settlement, Subsistence, Lithic Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract:-Sensors provide the interface between the physical world and electronic information systems. Modern sensor design combines sensing materials, transduction mechanisms, microfabrication, signal conditioning, communication, and computational intelligence. This review examines resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, optical, electrochemical, MEMS, nanomaterial-based, flexible, wearable, IoT-connected, self-powered, and AI-assisted sensor designs. Emphasis is placed on how material choice, device geometry, micro/nanostructuring, fabrication, readout electronics, and machine learning influence sensitivity, selectivity, response time, stability, flexibility, power consumption, and scalability. Recent literature shows a shift toward high-density flexible arrays, intelligent wearable systems, nanomaterial-enabled flexible pressure and gas sensors, and AI-integrated biosensing. The paper identifies persistent challenges including reproducibility, drift, crosstalk, power management, packaging, calibration, and reliable real-world deployment. Future directions include multimodal sensing, edge AI, self-powered platforms, bio-integrated devices, and autonomous sensor systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sensor design, MEMS, nanomaterials, flexible sensors, wearable sensors, IoT, sensor fusion, artificial intelligence, intelligent sensing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition