Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The importance of bamboo as a sustainable material is gradually increasing in the construction sector. It is rapidly becoming a concerned area of research, either as a construction material or alternative replacement to steel. This study involves use of bamboo as an alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete beams and its comparative analysis with reinforced cement concrete beams. The present study involves casting of 15 beams i.e., 3 RCC, 3 BSRCC & 9 BRCC. The reinforcement used in BRCC beams had an average dimension of 20 mm x 8 mm and were divided into plain, coated-plain & coated-grooved types. The beams were subjected to four-point loading using universal testing machine. The results of casting suggested that BRCC beams sustain better load and deflection than RCC beams.

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Bamboo, Bamboo Reinforced, Four Point Loading, Bamboo Steel Reinforcement, Flexural Tension Failure

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This study explores how Bengaluru, India, a well-known center of business and tourism, is affected by the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on small and medium-sized hotels (SMHs). The city's economy is greatly aided by the hospitality sector, especially the SMH sector, which serves a wide range of clientele, including visitors, business travelers, and foreign nationals. But with the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2017, India's tax system underwent a dramatic change that presented these hotels with both opportunities and challenges. This study aims to comprehend the impact of the tax reform on SMHs in Bengaluru, as well as how they are adjusting to the new GST. Several significant obstacles that SMHs encounter under the GST framework are identified by the research. The higher expenses associated with compliance that result from the requirement for staff training, consulting services, and specialized accounting software are a big worry. These expenses can be a big burden for tiny hotels with tight budgets, which could have an impact on their bottom line. The intricacy of the GST filing procedure, which necessitates precise record-keeping and timely return submission, has also proven difficult for hotels without internal tax knowledge. The financial soundness of these establishments has been further strained by worries about the penalty for non-compliance. How the GST affects pricing strategy is another important consideration. Because even a slight increase in price could put hotels in a higher tax band and reduce their ability to compete in the market, the tiered GST rates based on room tariffs have compelled lodging establishments to carefully analyze their pricing strategies. The report also identifies a number of benefits that GST provides to SMHs in spite of these obstacles. The GST's unified tax structure has made taxation simpler overall by doing away with several indirect taxes like service tax, VAT, and luxury tax in favor of a single, all-inclusive tax. Reducing administrative duties and enabling hotels to concentrate more on their core activities are two long-term benefits of this simplification. Another noteworthy benefit of the GST is the availability of input tax credits (ITC), which allow hotels to claim credits for taxes paid on inputs utilized in their operations. This can enhance cash flow management and lessen the overall tax burden. Additionally, the GST's transparency and uniformity have made it simpler for hotels to grow. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data collected via surveys and interviews with hotel owners and managers in Bengaluru, the study's conclusions were made. The findings show that SMHs have differing opinions about GST. Many respondents think that in the long run, the GST system has the ability to bring about beneficial changes, despite the fact that the system's early installation presented substantial obstacles. The analysis comes to the conclusion that Bengaluru's SMHs' ability to adjust to the new tax system and take advantage of its prospects will be a major factor in how well GST works for them. To help these hotels overcome the obstacles and fully profit from GST, the government and industry stakeholders must provide ongoing education and support. Finally, this study sheds light on the impact of GST on SMHs in Bengaluru, making recommendations for enhancing tax compliance, operational efficiency, and overall competitiveness in an ever-changing hospitality sector.

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 Keywords

Goods and Services Tax (GST), Small and Medium-sized Hotels (SMHs), Tax Compliance, Hospitality Industry, Pricing Strategies

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 Abstract

????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???-??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????/?????? ?????? '?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????-?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??, ??? ????? ????? '?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???1 ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???-????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????-??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? '????? ???????' ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???

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PUNJABI LOKGEETAN VICH NAARI DE DUHRE BASTIKARAN DI PESHKAARI

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St. Augustine's Confessions, the celebrated autobiography of a historical figure, has seldom been analysed for more than what it is - a classical autobiography. Rife with inner workings of the mind and secret actions of a well-known saint, 'Confessions' is a rich resource for all those interested in Psychoanalytic criticism. Although applying psychoanalytic criticism to literary works is widely done, it is more often done to the novels of literary giants. Seldom is Psychoanalysis interpreted in historical works or biographies. Thus, this paper is an attempt to read a classical religious and historical text and to test its relation to the theories of Psychoanalysis. This paper limits its study to Books 1 and 2 of the Confessions and is divided in three parts - Applying Freud's theory of Infantile Development to St. Augustine's account of his growth, applying Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development to Augustine's Pre-conversion and post-conversion accounts and observing the life of St. Augustine as both an example and a critique of the Id, Ego, Super Ego. A Psychoanalytical approach to an autobiography of a historical figure - this paper seeks to trace a relatively modern theory in the life of a historic figure.

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Medieval literature, Id, Ego, Superego, psychoanalytic criticism, moral reasoning, infantile development

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Hands are primary mode of transmission of microbes and infections. Hand-washing is critical in food production, food service and also important in healthcare setting, homes and day care preparations. . The topical system a hand wash gel is created The pH, viscosity, drug content, stability study, skin irritation test, anti-microbial study and other properties of the prepared formulation are evaluated. Many emulgel hand wash cleanser is available in the market which could be challenging for present project work. The plan of the research was aimed to formulate evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal oils such as Cinnamon oil, Eucalyptus oil, menthol oil and lavender oil and found that cinnamon oil showed better antibacterial activity. Also the research was carried out to formulate and evaluate the poly herbal Hand wash gel containing Cinnamon oil. The anti-microbial activity of the formulated herbal hand wash gel was tested against Escherichia coli, and lactobacillus Salmonella by spread plate techniques and the results obtained were compared with commercial antibacterial standards. Also the efficiency was checked by using the hand wash gel on volunteers. The results from the present work suggest and support the incorporation and utilization of herbs in the formulations to give better effect.

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Cinnamon oil Emulgel, Topical Drug Delivery, Herbal hand wash gel, Antimicrobial activity and Cinnamon oil

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The swift development of Android mobile applications has had a substantial impact on illness management by providing innovative instruments for patient tracking, treatment compliance, and health education. An extensive assessment of these applications' effects on the management of diseases across a range of medical conditions is given in this review. We provide a thorough analysis of the functionality, efficacy, and user experience of Android apps intended for tracking medications, managing symptoms, managing chronic illnesses, and providing patient support. App features including tailored feedback, real-time health monitoring, and connectivity with healthcare professionals are some of the important topics covered. The review also covers issues including user compliance, app dependability, and data privacy. This review aims to present a balanced perspective on the benefits and drawbacks of Android mobile applications in disease management by synthesizing existing literature and practical insights. It also offers recommendations for future development to increase the applications' usefulness and effectiveness in improving health outcomes.

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Android, disease, management, application, mobile app

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The world is facing a major problem of disaster caused by climatic changes and economic crises in the regions of Asia and Europe. It highlights the interconnectedness of these two critical issues and their far-reaching consequences on the social, environmental, and economic fabric of the affected regions. The abstract further emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies and international collaboration to mitigate the disastrous impacts and build resilience in the face of future challenges. Climatic changes, driven largely by anthropogenic activities, have led to a series of natural disasters and environmental disruptions across the globe. Asia and Europe, two densely populated regions with significant economic activities, have experienced severe consequences resulting from these changes. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have wreaked havoc on these continents. Simultaneously, the regions have faced economic crises, triggering a cascade of socio-economic challenges. Financial downturns, recessions, and political instability have exacerbated vulnerability to climatic changes, creating a vicious cycle that undermines social well-being and economic progress. This convergence of climatic changes and economic crises has magnified the adverse impacts on vulnerable populations, further straining social cohesion, and deepening inequality.The disaster of climatic changes and economic crises manifests in multiple dimensions. Agricultural sectors, vital for food security, have been severely affected by changing weather patterns, leading to crop failures, reduced yields, and food price volatility. The main emphasis is the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate climate change adaptation, economic recovery, and social resilience to address the challenges posed by these converging crises.

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Disaster, Socio-economic, Recessions, Volatility. Populations, Sustainable

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ABSTRACT Background: Prion disease is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the aggregation of misfolded prion proteins (PrP). The normal prion protein (PrPC) has an ?-helical structure, while the abnormal form (PrPSc) can lead to severe neurodegenerative disorders. Prion diseases, including sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms, are life-threatening, with affected individuals typically dying within months to a few years after diagnosis. Currently, no effective therapy exists for prion diseases. This review aims to provide insights into current treatments and recent advancements in therapeutic interventions. Method: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of published clinical studies on prion diseases, exploring emerging technologies in treatment development. These include immunotherapy, gene therapy, targeted protein degradation therapies, and stem cell technology. We also reviewed clinical studies evaluating the effects of various drugs on prion disease patients. Conclusion: Over the past 30 years, numerous chemical compounds have been tested for anti-prion effects using cell cultures and animal models. Despite extensive research, only a few compounds advanced to clinical trials, and all failed to show significant therapeutic benefits. The lack of success is largely attributed to disease variability and the challenges in selecting appropriate patient populations for clinical trials, which hindered the achievement of meaningful outcomes.

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Keywords: Prion disease, Immunotherapy, Stem cell technology, Protein degradation therapies, Gene therapy

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The measurement of dielectric loss in high-voltage cables presents many problems that are not obvious until such measurements have actually been attempted and the results checked and analyzed. Some of these problems are not simple, and their solution is obtained only after considerable effort and research.

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Bridge,Cables,Detectors

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:-. In this study Nine independent variables are fed to artificial neural networks (ANNs) including support, nanoparticles concentration, concentration of organic phase trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in-n-hexane (TMC in n-hexane), operation pressure, contact angle, thin layer thickness, location of the nanoparticles (NPs), post-treatment temperature and duration, and permeate flux and foulant rejection were derived as the outputs of the ANNs. The proposed method was evaluated on two datasets across training, validation and test datasets, and an unseen dataset. 2250 different initial weights and number of the neurons in the hidden layer for the proposed ANN models were considered and compared to find the optimized ANN models The trend in miniaturization and enhanced functional performance of integrated circuits and power electronics and photonics has amplified the generated thermal energy in these devices making thermal management a bottleneck for further advancement in these fields. A range of geometries of Sequence structures are developed and examined to address this challenge. However, the numerous form factors and dimension of hierarchical structures in addition to cost and time-consuming synthesis and test procedures make it unfeasible to explore bountiful variations of hierarchical geometries through experimental methods. Here, we introduce a general Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform to address this challenge and guide discovery of hierarchical structures for extreme thermal management of high-performance 2 photonics/electronics. The ML platform is based on Random Forest (RF) algorithm, a robust AI method, and was trained using a large collected experimental data set corresponding to thin film evaporation in various forms of Sequence structures. Four geometrical dimensions of the hierarchical structures and two dimensionless numbers governing heat transfer and fluid dynamics in these structures were used as independent variables to predict heat flux in these structures. The trained model's performance was analyzed using statistical metrics and showed an excellent prediction of heat flux for all the structures with various working fluids. The performance of predictive AI platform was further validated by two independent studies of different research groups.

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ML,Artificial neural networks, Evaporation, Sequence structures, AI. hypersonic aviation, electric vehicles.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition