Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

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Abstract Over the past three years law schools have changed in ways nobody planned for. Artificial intelligence has moved from the margins of the syllabus into the ordinary working day of students and teachers, so that law is now researched, taught and drafted with machine assistance, and in a few jurisdictions decided with it too. This article sets out to examine what that shift involves. It follows a line of development from case-method instruction, through the migration of legal materials to electronic databases and the arrival of e-filing, to classrooms in which adaptive modules and natural-language research tools come pre-installed. There are things here worth having. Retrieval is quicker. A student can rehearse drafting far more often than any teacher could realistically mark, run an advocacy simulation on a Tuesday evening, or work through a module pitched to what she personally got wrong last week; and legal aid, at the far end of all this, might reach people it does not reach now. The costs are no less concrete. Uneven distribution of infrastructure. Lack of training to the faculties. No judicial decisions on generative systems produce authority. Difficulties in auditing authorship to police and student data accumulates servers. Worst of all, students may quietly stop doing the analytical work a legal education exists to teach. The argument is grounded in Indian law throughout. Four sources do most of the work: the privacy right recognised in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, ; the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 ; the Information Technology Act, 2000 ; and the positions the University Grants Commission and the Bar Council of India have taken, or in the Bar Council's case declined to take. Indian material is thin, so researcher has supplemented it from three comparative sources: the UNESCO Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research (2023) , the OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449) , and Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. The method is doctrinal. Fifteen findings emerge, and fifteen recommendations follow from them, addressed to universities, the Bar Council, the UGC, faculty and students. There is a potential force on legal education in choosing between human judgment and AI assistance. The real choice is not whether AI will become part of legal education, but how it will be used. Law schools can either adopt it in a structured way, with proper supervision, verification, and meaningful human oversight, or allow it to spread without guidance. If left unchecked, its use could undermine analytical rigour, weaken professional responsibility, and widen existing challenges in access to justice.

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Artificial Intelligence; Legal Education; Legal Technology; Data Protection; Academic Integrity; Access to Justice; Algorithmic Accountability; Bar Council of India

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In the creative process of the world, although living cells were created initially, through the continuous course of evolution, the purusha and nature (prakriti) came into being. With the help of the purusha, nature manifests its own creative play. Perhaps because of physical strength, male dominance became established in society, and from there began the inception of patriarchy. Patriarchy was such an institution, within the bounds of which the identity of motherhood was expressed. Needless to say, through motherhood a woman's life achieves fulfilment. Just as the entire process from conception, gestation, labour pains, to the birth of the child falls under motherhood, so too does the physical and mental development and upbringing of the child belong to motherhood. Not only the child, but through motherhood, a woman's own physical and mental development also takes place. This entire matter was regulated by patriarchal society. Now the question is: through this institution, was it possible to fulfil a mother's own identity, or was it possible to foster her child's development? In discussing this matter, I have analysed several dimensions in the female and maternal characters of the Vedas, the Manusmriti, and the Mahabharata, and have tried to show whether motherhood was indeed shackled by patriarchy or whether through motherhood an independent and autonomous identity is expressed.

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Motherhood, veda, patriarchy, worship.

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Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural hazards and result primarily from the sudden release of energy within the Earth's crust. This paper examines the geological causes, types, effects, and distribution of earthquakes, with particular emphasis on tectonic movements and fault activity. It discusses their impacts on human life, infrastructure, the environment, and the economy. The paper also highlights the importance of seismic monitoring, earthquake-resistant construction, preparedness, public awareness, and effective disaster-management strategies. Understanding the geological processes associated with earthquakes is essential for reducing risks and promoting safer and more resilient communities.

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Earthquakes

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PUBLIC POLICIES REFORMS IN INDIA

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PUBLIC POLICIES REFORMS IN INDIA

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Virtual influencers powered by CGI and AI are increasingly adopted in social-media marketing, yet audience trust toward them remains fragmented in existing scholarship. This paper conducts a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, selecting 18 peer-reviewed articles published between 2016-2026 to identify factors shaping audience trust in virtual-influencer communication. Findings demonstrate that perceived authenticity, perceived credibility, anthropomorphism and disclosure jointly influence audience trust. Conflicting empirical results exist regarding anthropomorphism’s effects, and disclosure generates mixed trust outcomes depending on contexts and consumer preferences. Several research gaps are identified, including limited cross-platform, cross-age-group comparisons and insufficient non-marketing-oriented studies. Future research should explore trust under diverse contexts and consumer groups for more comprehensive understandings.

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Virtual influencers, audience trust, perceived authenticity, anthropomorphism

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Marketing Strategy of Leading Garment Manufacturer in Bangladesh: A Situation Analysis Leading garment manufacturers are facing many challenges in their production and marketing strategies. In low- and middle-income countries, production costs are highly competitive relative to world market prices for general goods. But day by day, labor income in the ready-made garment sector is increasing in low- and middle-income countries due to rising steady-state economic growth. Bangladesh is the largest manufacturer of quality garments due to its competitive labor costs compared to labor income in other developing countries. But this scenario will not sustain in the long run, as the country's development is characterized by constant economic growth amid adverse challenges posed by various economic and geopolitical marketing and strategic processes. In view of this, leading garment manufacturers have to change their marketing strategy by emphasizing garment branding to sustain competitiveness in the global market.

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Marketing Strategy, Competitive Price and Branding

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This research paper explores the themes of sexual desire, bodily autonomy, and socio- political defiance through the character of Subbamma in Kuvempu's landmark Kannada novel, Kanooru Subbamma Heggadithi (1936), translated into English as The House of Kanooru. Situated within a rigidly patriarchal and feudal framework, the study examines how Subbamma--married to Chandrayya Gowda, a tyrannical village headman significantly older than her--embodies the volatile tension between institutional marital coercion and the untamed desires of youth. Grounded in a textual analysis of her initial romantic yearning for the younger Hoovayya, her subsequent disillusionment with marriage, and her ultimate assertive rebellion, this paper argues that Subbamma's desire functions as more than an internal psychological state. Instead, it operates as a subversive socio-political force that directly challenges the hegemony of the Kanooru household. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how Kuvempu constructs female desire not as a passive, suppressed emotion, but as a site of profound bodily struggle, agency, and anti-patriarchal resistance.

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Kuvempu, Kanooru, Subbamma, Desire, Patriarchal Oppression, Feudalism, Resistance

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Clay (earthenware/terracotta) cookware has been used across cultures for centuries for cooking, storing water, fermenting foods and serving traditional dishes. Its porous aluminosilicate matrix, relatively low thermal conductivity, moisture-retaining behavior and gradual heat transfer give it distinctive culinary properties. This review examines the material composition, physicochemical and thermal characteristics, nutrient and mineral transfer, food-safety considerations, potential health implications, cultural significance, environmental advantages and socioeconomic relevance of clay cookware. Available evidence suggests that clay vessels can provide slow and relatively uniform cooking, moisture retention and desirable sensory characteristics. However, mineral migration depends strongly on clay composition, firing conditions, food acidity, temperature and repeated use. Poorly manufactured or glazed pottery may also present a risk of contaminant migration, particularly heavy metals. Claims concerning prevention or treatment of chronic diseases should therefore be interpreted cautiously because robust clinical evidence remains limited. Clay cookware offers a potentially sustainable alternative to some modern cookware, but standardization of raw materials, firing, glazing, contaminant testing and performance is needed before broad health claims can be made. Future research should focus on controlled comparative studies of nutrient retention, contaminant migration, sensory quality, energy use and long-term consumer safety.

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clay cookware; earthenware; terracotta; nutrient retention; mineral leaching; food safety; thermal properties; sustainability; traditional cookware

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT--Cybersecurity has grown to be a crucial subject for information and communication system security in the current digital era. Cyberattacks and security risks are on the rise due to the growing usage of the internet, cloud computing, digital services, and online transactions. Because of this, it is now essential for people, institutions, and organizations to protect their data and information systems. The current condition of cyber security, important issues, security precautions, and worldwide trends are all examined in this article. The report examines new risks, their remedies, and the most recent technological advancements in cyber security. In particular, the importance of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in identifying and dealing with cyber risks has been highlighted. The report examines growing risks, their remedies, and the most recent technological advancements in cyber security. In particular, the importance of modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in identifying and dealing with cyber risks has been highlighted. The article also discusses the prospects for cyber security in the future, new issues, and practical security measures. The study comes to the conclusion that strengthening cyber security requires technological innovation, awareness, ongoing research, and cooperation among different stakeholders. Researchers, scholars, and organizations involved in cybersecurity can benefit from the knowledge provided by this study.

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Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Threats, Information Security, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Protection, Digital Security.

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Clinical lycanthropy is a rare delusional misidentification syndrome where individuals hold the fixed belief that they are transforming, or have transformed, into an animal, most commonly a wolf. Historically described since antiquity, early explanations ranged from demonic possession in medieval Europe to melancholia canina in 16th-century medical texts. Modern literature recognizes it as a secondary symptom of underlying psychiatric or neurological conditions rather than a distinct diagnosis. Analysis of 38 case reports from 1970-2020 shows psychotic depression 31.6% and schizophrenia 21.1% as the most frequent associated disorders. Bipolar-related conditions including mania and mixed episodes account for 15.8%, while organic disorders 5.3% and alcohol intoxication 2.6% are uncommon. This review traces the historical evolution of clinical lycanthropy and highlights its strong link to mood and psychotic disorders. Findings support its classification as a culture-influenced delusional symptom within the broader spectrum of psychiatric illness, emphasizing the need for treatment of the primary disorder.

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outpatients, clinics, community care, West Riding, social workers, mental hospitals.

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