Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Alice Munro is one the greatest contemporary Canadian short story writers. She is well known for the accuracy and truthfulness that she gives to life in general but most emphatically to women. Munro in her stories depicts a world of rural life or small-town culture comparing it with the urban life largely as seen through the lives of women grappling with the physical and emotional complexities in Canadian cultural context. Munro novelizes the representations of women's struggles in most of her stories. The societal and cultural expectations on women, in Alice Munro's stories, have an influence on their identities, decisions and relationships. Munro's women, with their hunger for life and family, are frequently shown in the grip of the competing demands of individual desire and societal expectation. These different roles reflect the cultural norms of whatever era and place those women happen to be in small-net conservative towns where one should apparently not breathe (rural Canada), or more metropolitan, though still repressive environments the likes of which can be rarely seen. Munro shows how social pressures inform what opportunities and behaviours are allowed to women, greatly limiting the freedom and autonomy that is part of how we experience personal potential. This paper particularly throws light on Munro's portrayal of both rural and urban women in her selected stories.

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contemporary, Canadian, rural life, urban life, societal, cultural, identities, Munro's women, metropolitan, repressive, autonomy

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Sucking pests (such as aphids, whiteflies, jassids, and thrips) are important agricultural pests that damage crops directly through sap feeding and indirectly through the transmission of plant diseases. Their rapid reproduction and ability to colonize crops make them difficult to manage solely through chemical control. Green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), particularly Chrysoperla species, and ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important natjural enemies of these sucking pests and have considerable potential for biological control. Green lacewing larvae are active predators commonly known as "aphid lions" but they aggressively feed on a variety of soft-bodied sucking insects. Similarly, both larval and adult stages of many ladybird beetles consume a wide range of sucking pests. Previous studies have demonstrated substantial pest suppression by both predator groups, although their effectiveness varies with predator species, developmental stage, pest density, crop, and environmental conditions. However, combining predators does not necessarily produce additive benefits because intraguild predation--the consumption of one predator by another--may occur. Therefore, evaluating both predatory efficiency and interspecific compatibility is essential before recommending combined releases.

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Sucking pests; aphids; whiteflies; biological control; green lacewing; ladybird beetle; Chrysoperla; Coccinellidae; predatory efficiency; intraguild predation; compatibility; agricultural crops.

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Etgar Keret's "What Animal Are You?" presents childhood and parenting within a media-saturated domestic environment in which private life is repeatedly transformed into performance. This article examines the story through the interconnected perspectives of media culture, childhood, attentive parenting, and ethical imagination. It argues that Keret's representation of the relationship between the narrator and his young son offers a productive way of reconsidering parental attention in contemporary digital culture. The child's recurring question, "What animal are you?", (Keret 291)establishes an imaginative mode of communication that challenges fixed distinctions between human and animal and invites adults to participate in the child's world. In contrast to the television crew's demand for performed authenticity, the child's imaginative play creates a form of interaction grounded in spontaneity and relational engagement. Particular attention is given to the father's final translation of the German reporter's description of herself as a "monster" into the image of a "red-feathered songbird." (Keret 293) This transformation is read as an act of ethical mediation through which the father interprets an unsettling adult reality for his child. Drawing on Ethics of Care and Childhood Studies, the article conceptualizes attentive parenting as involving listening, responsiveness, imaginative participation, and the mediation of difficult experiences. The discussion subsequently places Keret's media-conscious story in dialogue with contemporary research on digital parenting and parental technoference. Rather than arguing that screen use inherently produces unethical children or deficient parenting, the article considers how technologically mediated environments may interrupt opportunities for sustained parent-child attention and imaginative exchange. It proposes that Keret's story offers a literary framework for reflecting on the changing conditions of childhood in a screen-saturated age and, ultimately, on the ethical importance of being present, listening to children, and participating in their imaginative worlds.

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Attentive parenting, childhood, media culture, digital parenting, parental technoference, Ethical imagination

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Heat stroke is a serious heat-related emergency and can be prevented through appropriate knowledge and preventive measures. The present study assessed knowledge regarding prevention of heat stroke during summer and evaluated the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme among degree students in a selected college at Ankola, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka. A quantitative approach with a one-group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design was adopted. Fifty degree students were selected by purposive sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used, followed by a 45-minute structured teaching programme using lecture and PowerPoint presentation. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, paired t-test and chi-square test. In the pre-test, 9 (18%) students had good knowledge, 34 (68%) had average knowledge and 7 (14%) had poor knowledge. In the post-test, 45 (90%) had good knowledge, 5 (10%) had average knowledge and none had poor knowledge. The mean knowledge score increased from 13.00 to 21.74, with a mean difference of 8.74. The calculated paired t value was 11.97, greater than the tabulated value of 2.01 at 0.05 level of significance (df=49), indicating a significant improvement in knowledge following the structured teaching programme. Post-test chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant association between knowledge scores and the selected demographic variables. The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding prevention of heat stroke.

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Heat stroke;Prevention;Knowledge;Structured teaching programme;Health education

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Air pollution has emerged as one of the most critical environmental and public health challenges in India. Rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, industrialization, vehicular emissions, agricultural residue burning, construction activities, waste burning, and household fuel use have contributed significantly to deteriorating air quality across both urban and rural areas. This paper examines the major sources of air pollution in India and analyses its adverse consequences for human health, the environment, and overall societal well-being. Exposure to air pollutants, particularly particulate matter, is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, increased mortality and morbidity, and other serious long-term health impacts. The paper also reviews major governmental and institutional measures for controlling air pollution, including the role of the Central Pollution Control Board, National Clean Air Programme, vehicle emission standards, promotion of alternative and renewable energy, electric vehicles, agricultural residue management, and clean cooking initiatives. Despite these measures, technological limitations, uneven regulatory enforcement, inadequate public awareness, unsustainable agricultural practices, rapid urbanization, socio-economic disparities, and the transboundary nature of pollution continue to pose significant challenges. The paper argues for a comprehensive and multi-stakeholder approach involving government, industry, civil society, and citizens. Strengthening implementation, sustainable urban planning, technological innovation, environmental education, renewable energy, and effective monitoring can contribute substantially to achieving cleaner air and a healthier environment in India.

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air pollution, public health, environmental policy, particulate matter, sustainable development

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A Comparative Study of Creativity and Adjustment among General and Divyang Students at the Upper Primary Level

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A Comparative Study of Creativity and Adjustment among General and Divyang Students at the Upper Primary Level

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The taking after this term paper drags the thought of the followers towards the perspective of person laws by clarifying what person laws are all roughly, how they progressed over time, their current status, afterward judgments which brought diverse modifications to them conjointly talks approximately certain other person laws which tend to be discriminative in nature and have ended up out of date inside the current times. It in addition examinations the experts and cons of decriminalizing and criminalizing of person laws, empower it gives a perspective of what future action can be taken with regard to certain laws and in conclusion consolidates an exchange concerning the utilization of Uniform Gracious Code in India. "Do not rebuke the frail, offer help the helpless" as communicated by Shri Justice Jahagirdar in his article titled "Attempt at Suicide-Crime or Cry" pricks on our mindfulness to bargain with suicide. It is obvious that penalization of suicide may be a time removal inside the society like our claim. Be that because it may, some defenders in favor of criminalization continue to accept inside the debilitation approach towards its expectation rather than seeking out for to evaluate the conditions animating it. The pressing requires endeavored by, 210th Law Commission Report, Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 focuses at disquieting the brutal tag of Section 309 and receives a psycho-medico approach to demolish suicide from its crucial cause of mental hopelessness and societal conditions which clouds the individual to live a cheerful and honorable life. This research paper focuses to scrutinize and begin association between the covering periphery of mental sickness, suicide and offense. It surveys why decriminalization is the require of the hour moreover gives a comparative examination of decriminalization in a few countries beside fruitful proposition pointed at seeing suicide from a psycho-social point of see towards its anticipation. This investigate record was arranged after an in-depth think about of legitimate and illicit reports whose primary assignment is to look at, counting its foundation and dispersion, as well as an examination of interviews and master suppositions collected from print and computerized media, and indeed master conclusions on its performance.

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Marriage, Same-Sex Marriage, Hetero Couple, Infidelity, Suicide, Decriminalization, Penal Code, Disgrace, attempt.

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This paper presents a review of literature related to a comparative study of general and disabled students with respect to study habits, creativity, and adjustment at the upper primary level. Study habits, creativity, and adjustment are three critical psychological and behavioural variables that shape how children engage with the schooling process, yet limited research has directly compared these variables between general and disabled learners, particularly at the upper primary stage. This review synthesizes Indian and international studies addressing study habits, creativity, adjustment, and inclusive education in order to identify existing patterns, methodological approaches, and gaps in the literature. The review reveals that while study habits and creativity have been extensively studied among general learners, and while adjustment has received considerable attention among students with disabilities, few studies directly compare general and disabled students on all three variables simultaneously, and fewer still have focused on the upper primary stage in the Indian context. The review thus establishes the rationale for undertaking a comparative investigation of study habits, creativity, and adjustment among general and disabled students of Classes VI to VIII in the Nagpur Division of Maharashtra, in line with the objectives of the National Education Policy 2020 for inclusive and equitable quality education.

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Study Habits, Creativity, Adjustment, Disabled Students, Upper Primary Level, Inclusive Education.

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Words in Tamil may be classified on the basis of grammar and literature. Peyar (noun), Vinai (verb), Idai (particle), and Uri (qualifying word) constitute the grammatical classification of words. Iya?col (native words), Tiricol (derived or modified words), Ticaiccol (regional words), and Va?acol (Sanskrit loanwords) are classifications employed in poetic composition. Among these, nouns and verbs are capable of functioning independently, whereas particles and qualifying words function only in association with other words. In modern linguistics, these correspond broadly to free morphemes and bound morphemes, respectively. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyse the occurrences of the intensifying adjectival particles s?la, u?u, tava, na?i, k?r, ka?i, and mikal, which, according to the grammatical category known as Ka??urupa?, convey the sense of intensity (mikuti), in the Silappathikaram..

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Silappathikaram, grammatical element, adjectival word, intensity, Tolkappiyam, Nannul, Puhark Kandam, Maduraik Kandam, Vanjik Kandam

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Introduction: Janu Sandhigata Vata, correlating with osteoarthritis (OA), is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. Conventional management strategies often provide symptomatic relief but are associated with adverse effects and fail to address disease progression. Ayurvedic parasurgical interventions Agnikarma (therapeutic cauterization), Viddhakarma (therapeutic needling), and Marma therapy (vital point stimulation) offer potential non pharmacological alternatives. This integrative review synthesizes available evidence on these three interventions in Janu Sandhigata Vata management. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, AYUSH, and other databases for studies published up to 2026. Clinical trials, case series, and review articles evaluating Agnikarma, Viddhakarma, or Marma therapy in Janu Sandhigata Vata/OA were included. Data on therapeutic mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles were extracted and analysed. Results: Agnikarma demonstrates significant efficacy in pain reduction (up to 86% relief in Sandhishula), improved range of motion, and sustained relief beyond three months. Viddhakarma, alone or combined with Agnikarma as Viddhaagnikarma, provides rapid pain relief through mechanical and thermal stimulation. Marma therapy offers non invasive pain management by balancing local Vata and Kapha Dosha, with studies reporting significant improvements in pain, stiffness, and functional outcomes. Discussion: All three therapies act through distinct yet complementary mechanisms Agnikarma via thermal modulation of Vata, Viddhakarma through neural and endorphin mediated pathways, and Marma therapy via Prana flow regulation. Their integration offers a comprehensive approach addressing multiple facets of Janu Sandhigata Vata pathophysiology. Conclusion: Agnikarma, Viddhakarma, and Marma therapy are effective, safe, and cost effective interventions for Janu Sandhigata Vata management. Further large scale randomised controlled trials are warranted to establish standardised protocols and long term efficacy.

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 Keywords

Agnikarma, Viddhakarma, Marma therapy, Janu Sandhigata Vata, Osteoarthritis, Ayurveda

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