Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Presently, E-Governance initiatives play a dominant role in promoting, accessing, and availing governmental services in agriculture and other services to the farmers at their doorstep to attain financial inclusion and empowerment in rural areas. The major drawback in the governmental initiatives is the non-inclusion of farmers due to unawareness and inability to reach the grassroots level, even though the program has better facilities. In the context of Karnataka, the initiatives of E-governance which emerged during the 2000's have successfully provided e-services to the farmers in a transparent, efficient, accountable, and effective manner. ICT governance will facilitate the financial inclusion of all the farmers and will enable them to avail and use the service facilities of the government. The present research study focuses on the FRUITS portal, an integrated e-initiative of the Karnataka government, where farmers can avail all the information and services about agriculture and its allied activities in a single platform. The financial inclusion of all the farmers through the FRUITS portal is analysed in the paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FRUITS portal, financial inclusion and farmers

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The upcoming caste census in 2027 is going to be a tricky affair as there are too many caste, identities that are fluid in nature & the ever-rising demands for representation will let the exercise to be an easy one. The issue of caste has many repercussions in the field of health, education, income, job, social identity & the political dynamics related to the modern day living. If we trace the history of vaccination, it was caste factor only which was a big obstacle in the promotion of small pox vaccination in India during the British era. Further, the uprising of 1857 revolt has also a strong caste angle. The mandal commission was central to the caste dynamics. Elections & elected representatives consider the factor of caste as the single most priority.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Caste, OBC, ST, SC, Commission, Census, SECC

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The retail sector has undergone significant transformation due to the rapid development of digital technologies. Mega stores, which offer a wide range of products under one roof, increasingly depend on digital marketing to attract customers, improve customer engagement, promote products and increase sales. Digital marketing provides mega stores with cost-effective methods of reaching customers through social media, search engines, mobile applications, websites, email marketing, digital advertisements and online offers. The present study examines the role of digital marketing in the growth of mega stores and identifies the major marketing strategies adopted by them. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data may be collected from customers of selected mega stores through a structured questionnaire. Secondary information is collected from books, journals, research articles, websites and retail industry reports. The study highlights that social media marketing, digital discounts, loyalty programmes, mobile applications, online ordering, personalised offers and digital payment facilities have become important components of modern retail marketing. The study concludes that effective adoption of digital marketing strategies can improve customer reach, brand awareness, customer satisfaction and sales performance of mega stores.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Marketing, Mega Stores, Retail Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Customer Engagement, Digital Strategies, Retail Growth.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

**Keywords:** Clinical Training, Nursing Students, Clinical Learning Challenges, Nursing Education, Clinical Learning Environment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

1. Abstract Analytical methods play a crucial role in pharmaceutical analysis for ensuring the quality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of drug substances and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Among the various analytical techniques, Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has emerged as one of the most widely employed methods due to its high sensitivity, precision, reproducibility, and reliability in the quantitative estimation of pharmaceutical compounds. In pharmaceutical research and quality control, the development of stability-indicating analytical methods is particularly important. These methods are capable of accurately determining the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the presence of its degradation products, impurities, and formulation excipients, thereby providing essential information about the stability profile of the drug. In recent years, the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry have gained increasing importance in chromatographic analysis. The aim of green analytical approaches is to reduce the consumption of hazardous organic solvents, minimize chemical waste generation, and promote environmentally sustainable laboratory practices without compromising analytical performance. Consequently, green RP-HPLC methods emphasize the use of safer solvents, optimized chromatographic conditions, and efficient analytical procedures. Suzetrigine is an emerging pharmaceutical compound that requires the development of reliable and validated analytical methods for its quantitative estimation in both bulk drug substances and pharmaceutical formulations. This review article discusses the strategies involved in the development of green RP-HPLC methods, with particular emphasis on stability-indicating approaches and the method validation parameters recommended by regulatory guidelines.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Suzetrigine; RP-HPLC; Stability-indicating method; Method validation; Green analytical chemistry; AGREE; GAPI; Analytical Eco-Scale.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), ER-4043 Aluminum Alloy, Microstructure, Porosity, Microhardness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present paper critically evaluates the role of women within the patriarchal framework of society in terms of gender and identity during the age of Emily Bronte through the novel, Wuthering Heights. The novelist projects the plight of women characters who are dominated and controlled by the male characters. The women have to conform to the strict social norms and gender roles of a daughter, wife and mother where men become the controlling authority with respect to their roles of a father, husband and son. The novelist depicts how the women characters, in the novel, are dependent on the males in their family, for their social and economic security. The novel presents a poignant story of two families with an outsider who takes revenge with them for the hatred and humiliation he faced because of them due to his social status. The novelist presents the concept of gender and identity of women as the important theme in the novel, by evaluating women's limited access to social freedom, marriage, patriarchal authority and resistance to conventional gender roles. The other prominent themes are the love between Cathy and Heathcliff and the contrast between the two places, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. In fact, these very places become the space of gendered confinement for women who reside here. Emily Bronte has presented the darker side of life where marriage is not based on mutual companionship, rather, it is a gendered confinement for women. The novelist has presented how gendered roles of women become the instruments of social power in the male dominated society. In the novel, Catherine, Isabella and Younger Catherine are the women whose desires and dreams are shattered after their marriage and they struggle to create a place for their self and identity. The novelist aptly presents how the social structures, even during the early Victorian period of her time, played a vital role in shaping the lives of men and women.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender, identity, marriage, women, society, self.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diatoms (Class Bacillariophyceae) are unicellular, siliceous-walled algae that occupy nearly every illuminated freshwater and marine habitat and are widely recognised as one of the most reliable biological tools for assessing aquatic ecosystem health. Because their community composition responds rapidly and predictably to physico-chemical change, diatoms are used across a broad span of applications, ranging from routine water-quality biomonitoring under frameworks such as the European Water Framework Directive, to the reconstruction of drowning sites in forensic medicine, and the description of regional freshwater biodiversity in previously unsurveyed river systems. This review synthesises findings from six recent primary studies and reviews conducted across peninsular India, central India, and a Mediterranean-climate river system in South Africa, together with a global systematic review of diatom research in ephemeral freshwaters, in order to (i) compare the taxonomic diversity and dominant genera reported across contrasting freshwater habitats, (ii) evaluate the abiotic and biotic drivers most consistently linked to diatom community structure, (iii) summarise the sampling and identification methodologies presently in use, and (iv) outline the forensic relevance of diatom analysis in medico-legal drowning investigations. Genera such as Navicula, Gomphonema, Amphora, Cyclotella and Fragilaria recur as dominant or tolerant taxa across geographically distant water bodies, while electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus species, and selected trace metals emerge repeatedly as the principal structuring variables. The review closes by identifying a clear regional knowledge gap: although diatom surveys now exist for several districts of Maharashtra, including Dhule and Akola, no dedicated diatom diversity or bioindication study has yet been published for Washim district, despite its location within the same Purna-Tapti river system already shown to support a rich diatom flora. This gap is proposed as a concrete and methodologically well-precedented direction for future regional research.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bacillariophyceae; diatom diversity; freshwater bioindicators; water quality assessment; forensic diatomology; ephemeral freshwater ecosystems; Maharashtra; Washim district

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Samrat Lalitaditya Vaibhav Sattamad Evam Suryast

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Samrat Lalitaditya Vaibhav Sattamad Evam Suryast

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created sustained demand for rapid diagnostic triage, and chest radiography was widely investigated as a fast, inexpensive and broadly available complement to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. A large body of work published from 2020 onwards applied deep learning, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in particular, to the automated interpretation of chest radiographs for this purpose. This paper reviews that literature. It examines the CNN architectures most frequently adopted, including VGG, ResNet, DenseNet, Inception, Xception, MobileNet and EfficientNet; the near-universal reliance on transfer learning from ImageNet; the public datasets on which the field has depended and the preprocessing and augmentation pipelines applied to them; the ensemble and hybrid strategies proposed to reduce dependence on any single architecture; and the explainability methods, chiefly Grad-CAM, used to expose the evidence behind a prediction. Reported accuracies across the reviewed studies are frequently high, but the review finds that these figures are not directly comparable, because studies differ in dataset composition, class definitions, partitioning, preprocessing and evaluation protocol. Critical appraisals of the field have further shown that models can separate classes using source-specific artefacts rather than pathology, and that performance degrades substantially under cross-dataset evaluation. The review identifies persistent challenges, including small and imbalanced datasets, dataset-source bias, data leakage, the scarcity of external validation and the absence of standardised benchmarks, and outlines the research directions the literature indicates are needed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

COVID-19, Chest X-ray, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Ensemble Learning, Literature Review, Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Grad-CAM, Medical Image Classification, Dataset Bias

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition