Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, a pivotal work by Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Micere Githae Mugo, reimagines Kenya's struggle for independence during the Mau Mau Movement. The Trial of Dedan Kimathi is a representative East African drama that serves as a model for African historical plays dedicated to challenging incorrect preconceptions about Africans' historical lineage. The intent of the paper is to present the authors' intention to explore historical misconceptions about Kenya that marginalise the popular struggle that led to the country's independence and how memory is employed in the play to refute and oppose official accounts of history. The paper emphasises how the play acts as a channel for the collective memory of the Kenyan independence movement and the Mau Mau Movement. By situating The Trial of Dedan Kimathi within the broader discourse of decolonial hope and planetary sustainability, the paper aims to show how the play not only recounts historical struggles but also offers a vision for a future shaped by solidarity and transformation. The decolonial notion of hope, as portrayed in the play, emerges as a praxis that re-centers erased non-hegemonic histories and knowledge, crucial for planetary recovery and healing.

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History, Memory, Independence, Resistance

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Play facilitates the child's ability to manage distressing experiences and promotes healing. Children who have won fear treatments are assisted in expressing their emotions through the use of objects and falls. The attitudes and emotions that children exhibit in their play are profound. Play activities provide the child with acceptable avenues for their hostilities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anxiety levels of hospitalised children in specific hospitals in Hisar before and after the test. To assess the efficacy of play therapy in alleviating anxiety in hospitalised children at specific institutions in Hisar, To ascertain the correlation between the anxiety level of hospitalised children in specific hospitals in Hisar and the post-test anxiety level. The sample for the research was selected using the convenient sampling technique. Hospital anxiety is mitigated through play therapy. Play therapy is employed by children to assist them in managing the stressors of life. It also aids in the distraction of the mind from pain and loneliness in hospitalised children. There are numerous intellectual and motor developments, creativity, and the development of higher functions that are enhanced by play. It has been observed that the play can serve as an effective distraction for children. Toys are the "tools" of play and create a more "natural" environment for a child. It has been noted that the subject possesses an average level of understanding regarding the significance of play therapy during hospitalisation. The pre-knowledge score had a mean of 10.40, a median of 10, a standard deviation of 2.550, a range of 12, a maximum of 17, a minimum of 5, and a mean percentage of 41.60. The subject possesses an ordinary level of understanding regarding the significance of play therapy during hospitalisation. The pre-knowledge score had a mean of 10.40, a median of 10, a standard deviation of 2.550, a range of 12, a maximum of 17, a minimum of 5, and a mean percentage of 41.60. 22 children (55%) possess sufficient knowledge regarding the significance of play therapy, 18 children (45%) possess moderate knowledge, and none possess sufficient knowledge. The pre-test knowledge score was 41.60, while the post-test knowledge mean percentage was 79.40

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Anxiety, Emotional reaction, fear, Gaze behavior, Growth and Development, Hospitalization, Misconception, Play activities, Therapeutic value.

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This study uses a multimodal discourse analysis to examine how gender is portrayed in sports journalism within an Arab cultural framework. This research utilizes Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and Kress and van Leeuwen's framework for visual analysis to examine how the combination of textual and visual aspects in sports articles influences and strengthens gender norms. A dataset consisting of ten sports articles, showcasing a variety of sports and forms of coverage, was chosen from an Arab news website. The textual analysis primarily aims to find thematic, linguistic, and interpersonal themes, hence uncovering patterns in the portrayal of gender in written information. Visual analysis explores the prominence, presentation, and manner of representation to comprehend the focus and depiction of gender in images. The results suggest a notable inclination towards male athletes, who are commonly portrayed highlighting their athletic abilities, whereas female athletes are generally underrepresented or featured with an emphasis on their physical attractiveness or personal qualities rather than their sporting accomplishments. This discrepancy maintains conventional gender assumptions and undermines gender equity in sports. The study emphasizes the necessity of achieving a more just and proportionate portrayal in sports journalism, calling for the impartial inclusion of both male and female players. This research offers a thorough comprehension of how sports media influences society gender expectations by combining textual and visual analysis. The results emphasize the wider impact of sports media in influencing public opinions and advancing gender parity. Additional research is recommended to further investigate the interplay between various modalities in sports journalism in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of their combined influence on gender representation.

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Gender Representation, Sports Journalism, Multimodal Discourse Analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Visual Analysis, Arab News Media, Gender Bias, Media Studies, Sports Media, Gender Equality

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ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing interest in investigating the pathological and anatomical basis of psychiatric illness. The introduction of brain imaging technology revolutionized the study of psychiatric illnesses. The growing belief that endocrine abnormalities may underlie many mental conditions have led to increased use of imaging and hormonal assays in patients attending to psychiatric OPDs. To investigate whether Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activation in psychosis is also associated with pituitary volume changes, measurement of the pituitary glands by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients experiencing their first episode of psychopathology is most suitable, when they are most likely to show HPA axis abnormalities. Objectives: ? To study the Pituitary volume in first episode of psychopathology using MRI and comparing the age and gender matched controls. ? Follow up MRI scan of psychiatric patients, to review Pituitary volume after 3 months or more and correlate with the final psychiatric diagnosis. Materials and methods: The study included 50 patients, with symptoms of psychiatric illness for the first time and presenting within one month of onset of illness 50 age and gender matched healthy controls. Both patients and controls were made to undergo MRI of the Brain. The patients underwent MRI of the brain twice, at initial presentation and again after 3 months. Results: ? There was significantly larger pituitary gland volume in the cases than the controls, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis at first presentation. ? No significant differences were seen between Pituitary gland volumes at initial MRI and review MRI of the cases. Conclusion: There is a strong likelihood of HPA axis overactivity during initial phase of all mental disorders along with increased pituitary gland volumes. Further studies including hormonal assays and correlation with imaging are likely to provide further insight into neuroanatomical and pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.

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MR Volumetry; Pituitary gland; Psychopathology

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This research paper embarks on a fascinating journey into the world of Jane Austen's works, particularly her cinematic adaptations. It commences by shedding light on the intriguing life of this celebrated author, enriching our comprehension. The paper then delves into the realm of cinematic interpretation in Literature, exploring how these adaptations not only shape literature but also permeate Popular Culture. It powerfully underscores the enduring and profound significance of adaptations in literature, a subject of profound interest and contemporary relevance, demonstrating Austen's works' timeless and weighty influence on today's literary and cinematic landscape. The paper reaches its apex with a meticulous examination of Austen's novels, employing the innovative and rarely utilised lens of the Cinematic Approach. Not commonly applied in literary analysis, this unique tool offers fresh and intriguing insights, igniting the reader's curiosity and fostering a thirst for deeper exploration.

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Cinematic Approach, Cinematic Adaptations, Popular Culture and Cinematic Adaptations and Literature

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Abstract: Pressure ulcers are the most common condition among palliative care patients at home care facilities and imposes significant Burdon on patients, relatives and caregivers. When the caregivers are knowledgeable about preventing pressure ulcers it will helps to avoid lot of discomforts for the patients. They place a vital role in preventing pressure ulcers. The Objectives of the present study was to evaluate the effect of planned health teaching programme on knowledge regarding care of pressure sore among caregivers of home-based palliative care patients. Quantitative research approach, pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for the study. 30 caregivers are selected from different wards of Chalakudy Municipality by Purposive sampling technique. Analysis done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that mean posttest knowledge score (19.62) was highlysignificant than pretest knowledge score (13.65). The calculated t value (t=9.622) was higher than the table value (t=2.05) at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the findings of the study revealed that the planned health teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of caregivers of home-based palliative care patients

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Planned health Teaching Programme, Care Givers, Pressure Sore, Home based Palliative Care Patients

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E-mail is the most common and used means of communication by individuals or institutions because it enables them to exchange data or information easy and quick. Phishers use e-mail to send phishing messages that enable them to deceive users and steal their personal information or data, including their bank account data, bank card passwords, which causes them a lot of harm and financial losses. Phishing e-mails are increasing menace, so it is necessary to block these e-mails at the Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) or Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) level. In this study, the architecture of filter has been implemented after extracting important information from e-mail headers. By analyzing the important features of e-mails, they are classified according to rules and conditions framed. This filter is tested on five standard datasets: Enron, Public Phishing Corpus, SPAM Archive, CSDMC2010, and Spam Assassin. The average accuracy for individual dataset is 99.58%, 99.53%, 98.33%, 99.34% and 98.31% respectively and overall average accuracy achieved is 99.01%. Although blocking phishing e-mail based on e-mail header is old technique, but this will certainly reduce the load on different content-based filters. The approach discussed in this paper has significantly improved the accuracy up to 99.01% using header part of e-mail reported so far thus, it is encouraging and this would increase the accuracy of classification of phishing e-mails.

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E-mail header, OBF, Blacklist, Phishing e-mails, Classification

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An acute ankle sprain is a common injury that occurs when the ligaments supporting the ankle are stretched beyond their limits or torn. This injury typically results from a sudden twist or roll of the ankle, often during physical activities such as running, jumping, or walking on uneven surfaces.

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EFFECT OF TENS IN IN ACUTE ANKLE SPRAIN

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Acute cervical pain, commonly known as neck pain, is a prevalent condition that affects a significant portion of the population at some point in their lives. It is characterized by sudden onset of pain in the neck region, which can be debilitating and impact daily activities. This article delves into the causes, symptoms, and various treatment options available for managing acute cervical pain, focusing on the combined use of TENS, intermittent cervical traction, and isometric neck exercises.

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THE ROLE OF TENS IN IMPROVING ACUTE CERVICAL PAIN

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