Volume 14 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Abstract This plant is very important. Scientific studies have proven that different parts of Pongamia pinnata (L.) have various properties, including deworming, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-plasmodial, anti-cancer, antidiarrheal, lice-killing, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-filarial properties. It has great potential for future biodiesel production and is also useful in the textile industry. Its flowers nourish bees and various insects, and it plays an important role in nitrogen fixation. Its oil is also very valuable. Tribal communities have been using different parts of Pongamia pinnata since ancient times.

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key word : Pongamia pinnata(L.) ,Biodiesel , Nitrogen Fixing, Antihelminthic activity , Antibacterial , Antiviral activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in women's empowerment and identifies barriers affecting women's effective participation in local self-government, with special reference to North Srirampur Gram Panchayat, South Tripura. The study is guided by four objectives: to compare empowerment among SHG members and non-members, identify barriers to women's participation, examine the role of SHG-Panchayat convergence, and suggest measures for strengthening women's participation and empowerment. A descriptive survey approach was adopted. For methodological demonstration, an illustrative dataset of 120 women respondents was analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and independent-samples t-test. The illustrative findings indicate that SHG members report higher overall empowerment than non-members. Major barriers include domestic responsibilities, inadequate information, limited confidence, restricted mobility, lack of leadership training and difficulties accessing government institutions. The study suggests that SHGs can serve as important platforms for information sharing, collective action, livelihood development and participation in local governance. Strengthening SHG-Panchayat convergence, leadership training, financial inclusion, digital literacy and Mahila Sabha participation may improve women's substantive participation in grassroots governance.

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Self-Help Groups, Women's Empowerment, Panchayati Raj, Local Self-Government, Participation, Barriers, SHG-Panchayat Convergence, Tripura

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New education policy (NEP 2020) is significant reform to India's educational system which aim's at to improve learner quality, equity, accessibility and holistic development. Many educationists had been waiting for the improvements that NEP 2020 suggested to be implemented. Transforming whole Indian educational system was not easy and hence it faces several challenges and other issues for its implementation. Since teachers are the main stakeholders in charge of putting the policy into practice, assessing its efficacy requires an awareness of their viewpoints and opinions. In relation to the implementation of NEP 2020, this study investigates teacher's awareness, attitudes, expectations and concerns. This research article focuses on "Teacher's Perspective and Perception towards NEP 2020. Population for the present study was undergraduate college teachers and the sample of 101 teachers was chosen by using multistage random sampling. Study analyzed the requirement of NEP and proposes the changes to improve its implementation. This paper not only describes the issues and challenges faced by the college teachers but provides a roadmap for the successful implementation of this policy also suggests the ways how to make Indian educational system for global recognition.

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NEP 2020, Experiential Based Learning, Holistic, Curricula, Perception, Perspective, Quantitative

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Anomalies present the opportunity to gain abnormal returns from the market. This study attempts to investigate the presence or absence of month-of-the-year effect in the National Stock Exchange of the Indian stock market. For the purpose of the study, daily closing prices from 2021 to 2025 of ten NSE sectoral indices namely Nifty Auto, Nifty Bank, Nifty Financial Services, Nifty FMCG, Nifty Healthcare, Nifty IT, Nifty Metal, Nifty Oil and Gas, Nifty Pharma and Nifty Realty have been taken into consideration. A preliminary glimpse of the data has been considered using descriptive statistics, and further dummy variable regression and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test has been used. Based on the analysis, it can be said that the month-of-the-year effect is present in only two out of the ten indices which indicates the absence of the anomaly in remaining indices under study.

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Stock Market, Stock Returns, Calendar Anomalies, Month-of-the-year

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Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) continue to be a major concern for the Indian banking sector, particularly for Public Sector Banks (PSBs), as they adversely affect profitability, lending capacity, capital provisioning, and overall financial stability. Identifying the factors that contribute to the accumulation of NPAs is therefore essential for strengthening asset quality and improving the resilience of the banking system. This study examines the impact of both macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants on the Gross Non-Performing Asset (GNPA) ratio of selected Public Sector Banks in India over the period 2010-2024. The analysis is based on a balanced panel dataset comprising ten major Public Sector Banks, yielding 150 bank-year observations. Panel data estimation techniques, including Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects Model (FEM), Random Effects Model (REM), the Hausman specification test, the Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test, and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) analysis, are employed to ensure robust estimation and appropriate model selection. The empirical results show that the Inflation Rate, Repo Rate, Bank Size, and Return on Assets significantly influence the Gross NPA Ratio. In contrast, GDP Growth, Credit Growth, and the Capital Adequacy Ratio do not exhibit statistically significant effects during the study period. The Hausman specification test identifies the Random Effects Model as the most appropriate estimator, indicating that unobserved bank-specific effects are not systematically correlated with the explanatory variables. The findings suggest that sustained improvements in profitability, stronger credit appraisal and monitoring mechanisms, sound risk management practices, and prudent lending policies are critical for reducing the incidence of NPAs in Public Sector Banks. By incorporating the post-Asset Quality Review (AQR) period, the implementation of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), banking sector consolidation, and the COVID-19 period, the study provides updated empirical evidence on the determinants of NPAs in India. The results offer useful insights for policymakers, regulators, bank managers, and researchers seeking to strengthen financial stability and improve asset quality within the banking sector.

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Non-Performing Assets, Public Sector Banks, Gross NPA Ratio, Panel Data Analysis, Asset Quality, Random-Effects Model, India.

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India's decarbonisation agenda encompasses renewable energy, transmission infrastructure, critical-mineral extraction, compensatory afforestation, and market-based conservation. Yet its implications for the customary land tenure and governance rights of tribal communities remain insufficiently examined in legal and policy scholarship. This article asks whether India's low-carbon transition strengthens or undermines the territorial autonomy of Scheduled Tribes residing in Fifth and Sixth Schedule areas. It argues that decarbonisation may generate forms of green extractivism when climate-related interventions marginalise community rights, weaken Gram Sabha authority, and expand state or corporate control over tribal territories. Although the Forest Rights Act, 2006, formally recognises individual and community forest rights, such recognition has limited practical value unless communities can effectively assert and exercise those rights. Comparative scholarship further indicates that decarbonisation can intensify territorial control through critical-mineral extraction, carbon markets, and conservation initiatives, often under the legitimising rhetoric of sustainability. Methodologically, the study adopts a doctrinal and qualitative approach, analysing constitutional provisions, the Forest Rights Act, the Panchayats Act, governmental reports, judicial decisions, and scholarly literature on legal pluralism, tribal displacement, and natural-resource governance. It develops a rights-based analytical framework linking decarbonisation to tenure security, free, prior, and informed consent, benefit sharing, and ecological justice. The article reframes tribal land conflicts not merely as implementation failures but as structural governance problems arising at the intersection of climate policy, customary tenure, and self-rule. It concludes that a just energy transition in India requires enforceable community forest rights, meaningful prior and informed consent, cumulative social and ecological assessments, equitable benefit sharing, and institutional recognition of customary authorities.

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Green Extractivism, Decarbonisation, PESA, FRA, Tribal autonomy, Legal Pluralism, Ecological Justice

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Abstract Background: Developmental delay in children is characterized by delayed acquisition of age-appropriate developmental skills and may involve motor, language, cognitive, social, or adaptive domains. Management requires early identification, etiological evaluation, and multidisciplinary intervention. Panchakarma-based therapies are used in Ayurvedic paediatric practice as supportive interventions in children with developmental and neuromotor impairments; however, their clinical effectiveness and mechanisms require critical scientific evaluation. Objective: To critically review the therapeutic rationale, potential mechanisms, and available clinical evidence regarding Panchakarma-based interventions in children with developmental delay and to identify priorities for future research. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic principles relevant to developmental impairment and paediatric Panchakarma were integrated with contemporary literature on developmental delay and available clinical studies of Panchakarma-based interventions. Particular attention was given to procedures such as Abhyanga, Swedana, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda, and Basti, with evaluation of developmental, motor, functional, and safety outcomes. Results: Available studies suggest potential supportive effects of multimodal Ayurvedic interventions on selected developmental and motor outcomes, particularly in children with cerebral palsy and associated developmental impairment. Proposed benefits may involve sensory stimulation, modulation of muscle tone, facilitation of motor function, and supportive rehabilitative effects. However, the current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous patient populations, combined therapeutic protocols, variable outcome measures, and inadequate controls, making it difficult to determine the independent effect of individual Panchakarma procedures. Conclusion: Panchakarma-based interventions represent an emerging area of supportive research in paediatric developmental rehabilitation. Current evidence is insufficient to establish definitive efficacy, and these interventions should be investigated within multidisciplinary developmental care rather than as substitutes for established rehabilitation. Future research requires adequately powered controlled trials, standardized age-appropriate protocols, validated developmental and functional outcome measures, systematic safety assessment, and long-term follow-up.

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Keywords: Panchakarma; developmental delay; neurodevelopment; paediatric rehabilitation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Clitoria ternatea, vaginal wash, vaginitis, interleukin-6, TGF-?, inflammatory markers, clinical symptom score, pilot study, botanical intervention, vaginal microbiome

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital health; Health systems strengthening; Healthcare administration; Mental health integration; Post-pandemic healthcare; Telepsychiatry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition