Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

This study explores the impact of the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency on secondary school education in Adamawa State. It focuses on the disparities between the Northern Senatorial Zone (NSZ), where disruptions have been severe, and the Southern Senatorial Zone (SSZ), where disruptions have been less severe. By addressing five objectives and corresponding research questions, the study investigates the various challenges caused by the insurgency's impact on education. From damaging school buildings to distressingly abducting students and teachers, along with tragic loss of life, especially in 2014 and 2015, the need for fully understanding the educational consequences is emphasized. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, the study engages 92 participants from 16 secondary schools in both zones, combined with a careful review of school-related data. The findings reveal a notable difference, with the NSZ facing more difficulties in key areas such as enrollment, dropout rates, school facilities, and availability of staff. To tackle these issues, the study suggests important actions, notably increased funding from the State Government in collaboration with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Through these joint efforts, the study highlights the potential not just to alleviate the negative impact of the insurgency on secondary education, but also to strengthen the educational system's ability to handle future challenges.

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 Keywords

Boko Haram insurgency, Secondary Education and Adamawa State

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The increasing antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic bacterial strains is a concerning global threat. It has potentially challenged the entire public health sector. Additionally, this rising issue has the potential to jeopardize various fields of medicine. The development of novel drugs to combat antibiotic resistance remains a significant challenge for the scientific community due to its slow progress. However, one of the promising approaches to counteract drug resistance is the use of antibiotics in combination. The current preliminary study exploits the aforementioned strategy to analyze the resistance pattern of the E. coli KL96 strain against three antibiotics? amikacin, ampicillin and gentamicin. Remarkably, it was observed that the combination of the three antibiotics demonstrated more efficient inhibition of the strain at comparatively lower doses, in contrast to individual antibiotic doses which displayed dose-dependent inhibition.

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Antibiotic resistance, multi-drug resistance, ampicillin, amikacin, gentamicin

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Displacement and stress analysis of a simply supported smart laminate (layered plate) under plane stress and plane strain conditions of elasticity has been performed with a new mixed Semi-analytical model. The displacements, transverse normal and shear stresses, electric potential and transverse electric displacement have been considered as primary variables. The mathematical model is a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) governed by set of coupled first ordered ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are assessed by comparing the numerical results obtained from the present investigation with available elasticity solutions.

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semi-analytical method, laminate, piezoelectricity, smart materials, plane stress, plane strain

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This article established the usefulness of social media on the tourism establishments and its level of products patronage. Research has been conducted gathering information from tourism department to define the perceptions of social media and tourism. Simple analysis was employed to evaluate the collected observations, and the findings indicate that Social media is a tool for tourism marketing, regardless of the quality of service at a particular tourism destination, the slightest positive comment or recommendation can have a significant effect on the business. Social media makes it possible for the establishment to have a briefer and direct communication with target groups through the website, e-mail short message, forum, etc. without committed much spending on the advertisement of tourism services. They present people with a countless array of internet platforms that increase and enhance the sharing of information. They make the transfer of text, photos, audio, video and electronic information in general easy. Social media platforms include Google, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, blogging, Linkedin, Flickr, Whatsapp, Wechat, Badoo, Quantcast, etc. These communication modes have experienced a tremendous growth during the recent past years, and as they continue to grow, so is the importance of harnessing their contributions as marketing and management tools for businesses, especially the tourism industry, since the industry has long relied so much on the spread of information through the word of mouth, destination popularity and other forms of print media.

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social media, tourism, advertisement, electronic information

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The auto rickshaws are India's most important intermediate public transport mode (IPT). Kerala, a southern state of India also depends on this mode as a vital part of public transportation. The COVID-19 situation affects the public transport system and a corresponding drop was observed during that period in this kind of para-transit system. This work analyzes the present status of the autorickshaw-based intermediate public transport system in Kerala on the basis of its number of registrations per year by the transport authority. The trend in registration is observed and suggestions were proposed. The existing nature of the E-Auto sector in Kerala is addressed based on its challenges.

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Intermediate Public Transport, autorickshaws, E-autorickshaws, growth rate.

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Abstract: Objective: The goal of the current study was to assess the effects of paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism in rats and the methanolic extract of rhizomes of Acorus calamus (MEAC) on that condition. Methods: In this study, three doses of MEAC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) and standard Madopar (10mg/kg p.o)were daily administered to rat for consecutive 28 days and Paraquat was administered once a week by intraperitoneal route for 4 consecutive weeks .The effect of extract was monitored using various behavioural ,anti-oxidant and histopathological assessments . Researchers examined how the activity of various biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain aging changed over time. Results: The optimum anti-parkinsonian activity was observed at 400mg/kg group of animals. All the behavioural parameters like Catalepsy, Akinesia, No. of falls, immobile period, tremors were significantly elevated and rearing behaviour is declined in PQ treated animals. However, a dose-dependent protection of the activities was seen in the rats after pre-treatment with MEAC. When PQ was chronically administered, the levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, which are indicators of oxidative stress, considerably dropped and lipid peroxidation significantly increased, according to biochemical analyses of the brain tissue. MEAC treatment improved various biochemical indicators and reduced lipid peroxidation. Following pre-treatment of rats with MEAC, a dose-dependent protection of activities was observed. Conclusion: The In vivo studies showed a dose dependent increase in neuroprotective activity against Paraquat induced Parkinsonism. It was established that MEAC therapy effectively reduced motor deficits and protected the brain from oxidative stress.

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 Keywords

Parkinson's disease (PD), Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, Catalase, Acorus calamus, Behavioural parameters, MEAC, Biochemical Parameters

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Malware detection is a critical task in cybersecurity to protect systems and networks from malicious software threats. Traditional signature- based approaches often struggle to keep up with the rapidly evolving landscape of malware. In recent years, deep learning techniques have shown promising results in detecting malware by leveraging the sequential nature of the data. This paper presents a novel approach that combines Long Short- Term Memory ( LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit ( GRU) networks for effective malware detection. The LSTM and GRU architectures are bot h variants of Recurrent Neural Networks ( RNNs) known for their ability to capture long- term dependencies in sequential data. By combining these architectures, the proposed method aims to leverage the complementary strengths of LSTM and GRU models for enhanced malware detection performance. The model's performance is rigorously evaluated using established metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall and F1- score. Comparisons are made wit h baseline models, including single LSTM and GRU models, as well as traditional machine learning classifiers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined LSTM and GRU ensemble model in accurately detecting malware, particularly previously unseen variants. The ensemble approach capitalizes on the diverse capabilities of LSTM and GRU networks, resulting in improved detection rates and reduced false positives. The results obtained with model accuracy of 99% are presented.

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Malware, LSTM, deep learning,GRU,RNN

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This research derives the lasting ecological consequences of colonialism on African landscapes, examining deforestation, land degradation, and cultural identity shifts. African literature emerges as a potent tool for eco-critique, conveying the environmental impacts of colonialism while celebrating the resilience of African ecosystems and communities. The study employs a positivist research philosophy, descriptive research design, and inductive research approach, collecting secondary data from sources such as Google Scholar. Three data analysis themes explored ecological impacts, eco-critical themes in literature, cultural and identity responses, literature's role in activism, and regional variations. Literature serves as a bridge between environmental issues, cultural narratives, and activism. The recommendations encourage eco-literacy, support indigenous knowledge, promote multilingual literature, amplify marginalized voices, and engage literature in eco-activism. "Colonial Shadows on Natural Landscapes" derives the transformative potential of literature in addressing environmental challenges and fostering sustainable futures in Africa.

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 Keywords

Colonialism, Ecology, African Literature, Postcolonial Eco-Critique, Environmental Impact, Cultural Identity, Literature and Activism

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The early prevention of crop diseases and identifyingthem at early stage is very important for crop production. The usage of fertilizers and chemicals is causing a negative effect on the agriculture eco-system and causes economic loss. A reliable method to identify and diagnose the diseases will benefit the farmers. In this paper, a new model is introduced with depthwise separable convolution architecture for tomato plant disease detection using leaf images. The models were trained and tested on a subset of publicly available plant village dataste containing six different classes of healthy and diseased leaves. These depthwise separable convolutions achieved high gain in convergence speed and the accuracy is also improved. A novel model called CNNLDD is proposed and it is compared with reduced CNNLDD model and this reduced model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.39% with fewer parameters. The satisfactory accuracy and small size of this model makes it suitable for real time crop diagnosis with less computation cost and the training time is also minimized. The standard CNN model requires a huge number of parameters, computation cost is high and also the training time is more. Standard convolution is replaced with the depth wise separable convolution in order to minimize the number of parameters and computation cost.

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Plant diseases, Deep learning, point wise convolution, convolutional neural network, depth wise convolution, classification

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This study delves into the intricate world of eco-literature to explore the subtle yet profound interplay between the human subconscious and the wilderness. Focusing on the emergence of eco-anxiety and eco-guilt as prominent psychological themes in contemporary literary characters, analyze how authors skillfully weave these emotions into their narratives, reflecting the growing societal awareness of environmental issues. These emotions add depth and relatability to characters, serving as potent vehicles for conveying the emotional nuances of our environmental consciousness. In this study, positivism research philosophy, an inductive research approach has been adopted. On the other hand, descriptive research design and secondary thematic data analysis have been used in this particular work. The wilderness itself emerges as a metaphor for the uncharted realm of the human unconscious, with characters embarking on journeys into the wild mirroring inner journeys of self-discovery and introspection. The challenges they face in the wilderness symbolize the psychological obstacles encountered when delving into the depths of the mind.

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 Keywords

Eco-literature, Subconscious motifs, Wilderness symbolism, Eco-anxiety, Eco-guilt, Psychological themes, Environmental consciousness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition