Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Gastroretentive delivery systems can be retained in the stomach and assist in improving absorption and consequently the bioavailability of drug that has a narrow absorption window in a particular region of gastrointestinal tract. Floating beads are often having gastro retentive property without affecting the gastric emptying rate they are used for controlled drug release. Floating beads drug delivery systems are mainly based on non-effervescent system. Floating beads is useful for various categories of drugs which act locally in stomach, poorly soluble in alkaline pH, having narrow absorption window, unstable in intestine or colonic environment and primarily absorbed in stomach. In this review types, method of preparations, evaluation techniques, advantages, limitation and applications of floating beads are discussed.

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Floating dosage form, floating beads, Gastroretention.

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Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner intricately traces Amir's psychological journey, focusing on his evolution from a troubled child in pre-war Kabul to a man seeking redemption. The article explores Amir's struggles with inadequacy and his complex relationship with his father, Baba, exacerbated by his betrayal of Hassan during a kite-flying competition. After fleeing to the United States, Amir tries to escape his past but remains haunted by guilt and emotional detachment. His return to Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, spurred by a call from Rahim Khan, represents a critical juncture in his quest for atonement. Through his attempt to rescue Sohrab, Hassan's son, Amir confronts his past actions and begins a process of psychological healing and personal growth. This analysis highlights how Amir's journey reflects broader themes of guilt, forgiveness, and the search for redemption.

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Keywords: Psychological Journey, Guilt, Redemption, Personal Growth and Trauma.

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Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Inotropic medication, Critical care Nurse

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A tracheostomy is an opening into the trachea through the neck just below the larynx through which an indwelling tube is placed and thus an artificial airway is created. It is used for clients needing long-term airway support. Nurses provide tracheostomy care for clients with new or recent tracheostomy to maintain patency of the tube and minimize the risk for infection (since the inhaled air by the client is no longer filtered by the upper airways). Initially a tracheostomy may need to be suctioned and cleaned as often as every 1 to 2 hours. After the initial inflammatory response subsides, tracheostomy care may only need to be done once or twice a day, depending on the client.

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tracheostomy, indwelling,patent airway ,Humidification,secretions,cannula

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Abstract:- INTRODUCTION Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, is a condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Parents of mentally retarded children play a pivotal role in their care and development. Specially abled schools provide an environment where these children receive education and support tailored to their needs. Every parent wants their child to be physically and developmentally perfect. Often some children have a temporary or permanent physical or mental disability. The birth of a child with a disability, or the discovery that a child has a disability, can have profound effects on the family. But "Every child is special" STATEMENT OF PROBLEM "A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents regarding care of mentally retarded child at selected specially abled schools of Jodhpur, with the view to develop information booklet." OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: - 1.To assess knowledge regarding mental retardation among parents of mentally retarded children. 2.To assess attitude regarding mental retardation among parents of mentally retarded children . 3. To find out the association between knowledge regarding mental retardation among parents of mentally retarded children with their socio demographic variables. 4. To find out the association between attitude regarding mental retardation among parents of mentally retarded children with their socio demographic variables. 5.To find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding mental retardation among parents of mentally retarded children. METHOD RESEARCH APPROACH: Quantitative approach will be the used for the study. RESEARCH DESIGN: Non-experimental descriptive research will be used for the study. SETTING OF THE STUDY: The study will be conducted at selected specially abled schools of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. POPULATION: In this study population are parents of mentally retarded children at specially abled school of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. SAMPLE & SAMPLE SIZE: In this study sample consists of 100 parents DATA ANALYSIS The data was planed according on the basis of objectives and hypothesis of the study. Among the participants, a significant majority, constituting 88%, fell within the Poor Knowledge category, scoring between 1 to 5. Conversely, only 12% of the parents demonstrated an Average Knowledge level, scoring between 6 to 14. Notably, there were no participants who achieved a Good Knowledge level, as none fell within the scoring range of 15 to 20. Within this category, the mean knowledge score was calculated to be 4.39, with a median score of 5.00 and a standard deviation of 0.734. The scores ranged from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 5. The scoring criteria categorized the attitudes into three distinct levels: Negative attitude, Natural attitude, and Positive attitude. Negative attitude encompassed scores ranging from 20 to 46, representing 28% of the sample, while Natural attitude included scores between 47 and 73, constituting the majority at 60%. Positive attitude, denoted by scores falling within the range of 74 to 100, was represented by 12% of the respondents. CONCLUSION The study found a significant association between parents' knowledge of mental retardation and various socio-demographic factors. Additionally, cultural beliefs and societal norms significantly influenced attitudes, with 70% of parents from cultures that value community support exhibiting positive attitudes compared to only 40% of parents from cultures with strong stigmatization of mental retardation.

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KEY WORDS :- Assess, Knowledge, Attitude, Special abled child

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Taking care of the environment is very important today, and sustainable farming is key for our planet's health. Organic horticulture, which uses natural farming methods, is leading this effort. "Organic Horticulture Techniques for Eco-Friendly Agriculture" is an easy- to-understand guide on these practices. It explains how we can farm in ways that protect the environment and ensure a healthy future. Organic horticulture focuses on natural ways to control pests, enrich soil, and rotate crops, working with nature rather than against it. By using these methods, farmers reduce their impact on the environment and support biodiversity and soil health. Traditional farming, which relies on manual labor and natural resources, also supports sustainability. Combining old and new methods can boost environmental benefits. Organic farming avoids synthetic chemicals and uses natural methods to improve soil and control pests, keeping soil healthy and promoting biodiversity while ensuring fair treatment of workers. Balancing organic and chemical fertilizers can help with sustainable crop production. With India's growing population, sustainable farming is crucial for saving resources and supporting biodiversity. Organic farming improves soil health, reduces pesticide use, and supports ecosystems by following nature's way. Its main goals are to increase biodiversity, maintain soil health, and create a sustainable farming system

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Organic farming, composting, biofertilizer

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Cervical spondylosis is a natural age-related disease process that is associated with degenerative changes within the intervertebral disc. Loss of curvature, reduction of disc space, osteophytes formation these are main anatomical changes associated with cervical spondylosis that is a common spinal problem nowadays. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis is rising due to the advancements in a busy, professional, and social life, poor sitting posture in offices, continuous work, working long hours on computers, night jobs, watching hours of television, sleeping on abnormally soft mattresses and pillows, and placing the bare minimum importance on healthy physical, mental, and dietary habits. Based on sign and symptoms mentioned above cervical spondylosis can be corelated to Manyastambha. Manyastambha is explained one of the Vataja Nanatmaja Vikara. In Manyastambha mainly Vata Dosha and Kapha Dosha get aggravated and take Ashraya at Manya Pradesh, affecting the Manya Siras (nerves of neck) causing Ruja(pain) and Stambha (stiffness or difficulty in mobility) of the neck. In Ayurveda, there are various treatment modalities, among them Ruksha Sweda (dry fomentation) has been given much importance, Patra Pinda Sweda with Vatahara Dravyas, and Agnikarma has been also found effectively managing the pain and stiffness in Manyastambha.

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Manyastanbha, Snigdha sweda, Ruksha Sweda, Agnikarma, Cervical Spondylosis.

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The current study examines secondary school students' career maturity in relation to the family environment. The primary goal of this research is to determine the relationship between career maturity and family environment among 10+1 grade students in the district of Ludhiana, Punjab. The current study used descriptive research methodology with a survey technique. The current study is quantitative in nature. The researcher collected 200 samples for this study from the Ludhiana district. The data was collected using Gupta's (1989) Career Maturity Inventory and Bhatia and Chadha's (1993) Family Environment Scale. After analyzing the data, it was discovered that there is a very strong positive correlation between career maturity and family environment. There was no significant difference in career maturity between boys and girls, but girls have a better family impact than boys.

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career maturity, family environment

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Introduction: Prediabetes is a condition that precedes diabetes. Blood glucose levels become higher than normal but are not classified as diabetes. It is often described as a 'grey area' between normal blood sugar and diabetes. Understanding the pathophysiology of prediabetes from an Ayurvedic perspective, in terms of Shatkriyakala, will help intervene in the progression of the disease at crucial time points and prove useful in preventing further complications. Method: A review of related topics was conducted using various classical Ayurvedic texts and modern sources. The compiled data was analyzed for proper interpretation of the topic. Discussion: Prediabetes is a disease entity that shares characteristics with Prameha in Ayurvedic classics. The aetiology, pathophysiology, and symptoms are similar. Kapha and Meda share similar qualitative features and functions, and both are vitiated by similar etiological factors. In Prameha, Bahudrava Shleshma affects the Meda, Mamsa, and Kleda Dhatus, altering their quality. The pathogenesis of prediabetes can be elaborated in the same manner as Prameha. High-calorie diets, sedentary lifestyles, and lack of physical activities lead to obesity and dyslipidaemias. This is the Sanchay stage, resulting in the production of excess free fatty acids, which are directed to the liver. This represents the Prakopa of Amaroopa Sleshma and Abaddha Meda. In the Prasar stage, these fatty acids circulate throughout the body and occupy insulin receptors in the Sthansamshraya stage. This results in insulin resistance in the body tissues, leading to prediabetes.

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Prediabetes, Samprapti, Shatkriyakala

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Migration is one of the factors determining population growth. There is a general perception that migration in Meghalaya is on the higher side. Incidentally, the decadal growth rate of Meghalaya during 2001 to 2011 is the highest among all the states of India. According to the 2011 Census, about 25.60 percent of the total population are migrants in the state of Meghalaya. Of these a major share belongs to intra-state migrants. The paper examines migration among rural households in Meghalaya by using primary data sources. The area of study is West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya with a random sample size of 400 rural households. The paper will focus on the reasons for migration. Migration in West Khasi Hills is influenced by both push and pull factors highlighted by Ravenstein (1885) and Lee (1966). Apart from economic migrants, non-economic migrants include migration for education and marriage migration. Findings show marriage migration is higher among males than the females which is dictated by the matrilocal system of the matrilineal society of Meghalaya. Interestingly, educational migration is higher among females than males. This shows that educational aspiration among females is greater than their male counterparts.

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migration, reasons, West Khasi Hills

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