Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates Causing Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections and its Antibiotic Resistance Pattern In Tertiary Care Hospital. Dr. Himani Brahmbhatt1, Resident doctor, Department of Microbiology Dr. Sejul K. Antala2, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology Dr. Pradnya Mahapure3, Resident doctor, Department of Microbiology Dr. Bansari Saradava4, Resident doctor, Department of Microbiology Dr. G.U. Kavathia5, Professor and Head of Microbiology Department of Microbiology, P.D.U. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. Abstract: Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infectious disease after respiratory tract infection disease in community practice. Detection of UTI-causing pathogens and resistance of these pathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics in clinical setups is essential and helpful in improving the efficacy of empirical treatment. Aims and Objectives: It aims to identify the most common UTI pathogens and their prevalence by sex and age group to improve treatment and management at this hospital. Material and Methods: 300 urine samples received at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajkot during Jan-2024 to June-2024 were tested for bacterial pathogen by culture and Biochemical reaction. Results: Out of 300 urine samples, 46 (15%) were positive for urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates. Gender-wise, UTIs were more prevalent in female patients 25(54.34%) compared to male patients 21 (45.65%). The distribution of UTI cases across different age groups and genders revealed that the highest prevalence in females was in the 21-40 years age group (56%), while for males, it was in the >60 years age group (61.90%). E. coli was the most common isolate (67.39%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed Aminoglycosides and carbapenems should be preferred over fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Conclusion: Present study reported that E. coli isolate was the most common pathogen causing UTI which mainly affected females. Aminoglycosides and meropenems showed higher sensitivity. This study will help to improve treatment recommendations in a specific geographical region. The study also allows comparison of the situation in Rajkot with other regions within and outside the state as well as in the country or outside the country. Key words: urinary tract infection; dysuria.

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Key words: urinary tract infection; dysuria.

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This paper examines Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the themes of cultural hybridity, mimicry, and marginality. Set in postcolonial India, the novel disrupts binary notions of colonialism by exploring the relationships between the colonizers and the colonized, particularly in the context of the caste system and gender roles. Roy's work challenges the oriental discourse of Europeans and highlights the struggles of marginalized groups, including the Untouchables and upper-class women. This analysis delves into the ways in which Roy's novel abrogates the privileged center, exploring the intersections of feminism, caste segregation, and untouchability. Ultimately, the paper reveals how The God of Small Things critiques the social and religious constitutions of gender and castes, exposing the power dynamics that punish transgressions and silence marginalized voices.

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Feminism, untouchability, mimicry, marginality, relationship, gender equality, cultural hybridity.

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The idea behind this study is to examine the gradually development /fall in India's fiscal deficit through average method by taking data from 1986-87 to 2002-03 in the first part and in the second part i.e. 2003-04 to 2019-20.This study shows how fiscal consolidation and FRBM act-2003 have a significant effects on the gross fiscal deficit and aim of the work is to examine the impact of fiscal consolidation -FRBM act-2003 on India's fiscal deficit.

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: FRBM Act, Fiscal consolidation and Fiscal Deficit

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This paper explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the role that governments can play in encouraging CSR practices. Corporations are key components of the broader economy in any society or country where they operate. The government's involvement is essential in advancing CSR initiatives because CSR remains voluntary without compulsory legislation. This study employs a secondary data analysis. The findings indicate the importance of both developed and developing countries in sharing best practices in CSR and establishing institutions that can foster CSR initiatives. This can be achieved through raising awareness, implementing soft laws, forming partnerships, and requiring businesses to be transparent in addressing societal issues within their areas of operation. Governments in certain developed nations, particularly in the UK, the European Union, the USA, and some East Asian countries, have made significant strides in promoting CSR. In contrast, developing nations have been slower to adopt CSR initiatives. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, implemented the Companies Act, 2013, marking one of the world's most significant efforts to make CSR a mandatory requirement by placing a legal obligation on companies to engage in social welfare activities. With this, India became the only country to regulate and enforce CSR for certain categories of companies registered under the Act. This CSR initiative aims to drive the nation toward achieving sustainable development goals and fostering public-private partnerships to transform India

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Government Regulations, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, social welfare.

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 Abstract

manvadhikari ke saidhantik pariprekshya - mushlim mhilao ke sandarbh me "islam me mushlim mhilao ke adhikar"

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manvadhikari ke saidhantik pariprekshya - mushlim mhilao ke sandarbh me "islam me mushlim mhilao ke adhikar"

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The accepted history was begun to be interrogated during the post colonial era, especially after 1980s, when the hitherto sidelined sections in the society began ask for their space in history. There were also attempts to resort to the past to explain the contemporary situations. Religion, mythology were also used as tools to compare and contrast the things. The fiction was relied as a mode of historiography, as it also interrogated history with its own form of narratology. Nationalism, the important phase in the post colonial period, took to history to express its spirit. The novelists interpreted history with their own version of nationalism. This paper presents such two modes of narrative of Indian history by two novelists.

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history, historiography, religion, communal, war, harmony

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A dying declaration holds a unique position in the realm of criminal law, particularly in cases of homicide or grievous injury, where the victim's statement about the circumstances of their impending death is considered crucial evidence. Under Section 32(1) of the Indian Evidence Act, a dying declaration is an exception to the hearsay rule, based on the belief that a person on the verge of death is unlikely to lie, as "truth sits upon the lips of a dying man." The declaration is admissible in court even if it is the only evidence available, provided it meets certain criteria regarding its reliability and voluntariness. This article explores the evidentiary value of dying declarations, focusing on their reliability, admissibility, and judicial interpretation in Indian courts. It delves into the legal framework governing such statements and examines key judicial rulings that have shaped the courts' approach. While the Indian legal system has allowed convictions solely based on dying declarations, the courts remain cautious about their use, ensuring that the statement is free from influence, coherent, and credible. Challenges such as improper recording, inconsistencies, and the mental state of the declarant are addressed, making it imperative for judicial scrutiny to maintain a balance between upholding justice and ensuring fair trial standards. This analysis also highlights the ongoing relevance of dying declarations in modern criminal trials and their potential future implications within the Indian legal framework.

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Dying Declaration, Indian Evidence Act, Admissibility, Reliability, Judicial Interpretation, Section 32(1), Criminal Trials, Legal Precedents

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Sugarcane cultivation plays an important role in the agricultural economy of Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India. However, farmers in this region face various challenges that affect productivity and profitability. This empirical study aims to identify and analyse the problems encountered by farmers during sugarcane cultivation in Erode district. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources, and a detailed analysis was conducted to highlight the key issues. The study reveals that water scarcity, labour shortages, high input costs, and inadequate access to credit are some of the major challenges faced by sugarcane farmers. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to formulate strategies for improving the conditions of sugarcane farmers in Erode District.

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Sugarcane cultivation, agricultural challenges, water scarcity, labour shortages, input costs, credit access.

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Yamuna River; Water Quality; Geology; Hydrology; Physiochemical.

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In comparison to the preceding ten years, India's renewable energy generation segment is expanding extremely rapidly as the country's reliance on the production of power is growing. Given the increasing growth of the renewable energy industry in India, it is critical to comprehend how certain climatic elements might cause external fluctuations in solar photovoltaic systems. Even though a lot of studies has already been done in this area, there is still room for more research into how temperature fluctuations, shadow effects, and wind affect solar PV system generation. The effect of these previously mentioned external parameter effects on solar energy generation are proposed in this research. The effort has been done to create a MATLAB model for a solar cell, leading to the creation of a PV array--a series combination comprising multiple solar cells. The Boost converter, which uses the MPPT algorithm, receives the solar cells output. This model has been tested under a variety of circumstances, including variations in load resistance, temperature, and light intensity.

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solar panels, PV curve, boost converter, MPPT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition